Cereal flour and all other technical flours

Bunker

Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading and unloading bulk cargo by mechanization (min. per 1 ton)

Standards of downtime for onboard vehicles during loading and unloading by cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms of packaged and unpackaged cargo that does not require special devices for securing them (min.)

Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles for loading and unloading cargo in packages using a mechanized method and piece rates (min. per 1 ton)

Standards for downtime of tank vehicles when loading and unloading liquid cargo

Standards for downtime of tank cars when loading through the top hatches and unloading by gravity and pneumatic methods

Note. The standards take into account additional time for blowing the tank and purging the discharge hose.

Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles and container ships when loading or unloading containers with cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms

Note. The time standards include the time required for loading (unloading) cargo with a toe or carry of the cargo, for maneuvering a vehicle (road train), tying and untying the cargo, covering the cargo with a tarpaulin and removing the tarpaulin, opening and closing the sides (doors) of the vehicle and trailers, and also registration of documents for the import (export) of goods. The specified downtime standards also apply to tractor-trailer vehicles.

Downtime standards for flatbed vehicles and general purpose vans when loading and unloading manually bulk cargo, packaged and unpackaged

Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading or unloading cargo manually into a container without removing it from the vehicle

Standards for downtime of specialized rolling stock for container transportation of goods when loading or unloading containers using lifting equipment

Note. The standard downtime for loading or unloading a vehicle is determined by multiplying the standard time set for one container by the number of containers.

Standards for vehicle downtime when performing additional work during loading or unloading cargo

Time standards for uncoupling and hitching exchange semi-trailers

Table 7.13

Estimated mileage rates trucks

Time standards for 1 t-km N(time) are calculated using the following formula:

60 N(v) = -------,
V хр x q

where 60 is the conversion factor of 1 hour per minute; V is the estimated mileage of a truck, km/h; P is the mileage utilization coefficient, (3 = 0.5; q is the vehicle’s carrying capacity, i.e.

a) when working outside the city:

b) when working in the city - regardless of the type of road surface for cars and road trains with a carrying capacity of up to 7 tons (tank truck up to 6 thousand l) - 25 km per hour, and for 7 tons (tank truck 6 thousand l) and above - 24 km at one o'clock.

During the time a car driver works on roads of different groups in one trip, time standards for single trips are established for the predominant group of roads.

Estimated mileage rates for trucks can be reduced by the head of the enterprise:

when transporting goods that require special care (acids, flammable substances, liquids in glass containers, glassware, musical instruments, televisions, radio products, instruments, etc., as well as cargo in bulky high-dimensional containers, lightweight cargo transported with lashing in terms of loading height in excess of the established dimensions of the vehicle, dust-producing (cargo, explosives) - up to 15%;

when working at a distance of up to 1 km, as well as in off-road conditions, in quarries and on hard-to-reach sections of the road (during mud, in the absence of roads, etc.) - up to 40% against the norms established for natural dirt roads;

when working at a distance of over 1 to 3 km on roads of groups A, B, C - up to 20%.

When operating a tractor with a semi-trailer, the time standards for 1 tkm are taken with a coefficient of 1.2, and when working, respectively, with a semi-trailer and a trailer or two trailers - 1.0.

For class 4 cargo that provides a load capacity utilization factor below 0.5 when the vehicle is fully loaded in size using extended sides, it is allowed to set time standards based on the actual utilization factor of the vehicle's carrying capacity.

In cases where, as a result of the use of extended sides and other similar measures when transporting goods of classes 2-4, the vehicle's carrying capacity is fully used, correction factors to time standards are not applied.

Time standards for 1 t.km when working on Group I vehicles (onboard vehicles and general purpose vans)

Time standards and piece rates per 1 t. km when working on Group II vehicles (specialized: dump trucks, vans, refrigerators, container ships, etc.; tractor units with semi-trailers and ballast tractors with trailers)

When using the specified time standards, workers involved in organizing transportation, as well as those responsible for organizing the work of drivers, must take into account the new Interindustry time standards for loading and unloading wagons and cars when calculating time for transportation. Vehicle and warehouse work approved by the resolution of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development Russian Federation dated 01.01.2001 N 76.

Norms for operating and idle time of trucks
Standards for vehicle downtime for loading and unloading cargo are set depending on:
Methods for performing loading and unloading operations.
The type of loading and unloading machines and mechanisms used.
Type and carrying capacity of rolling stock of road transport.
Kind of cargo.
The composition of vehicle downtime can be represented as the following diagram.

When determining the composition of idle time for vehicles, it is meant that loading and unloading of vehicles is carried out without visiting intermediate points.
To determine the time standard for the full load capacity of the vehicle, the time standard set for 1 ton should be multiplied by the vehicle’s load capacity.
With a mechanized method of loading and unloading cargo onto vans, time norms per 1 ton can increase by up to 10% (compared to flatbed vehicles).
Standards for vehicle downtime during partially mechanized loading and unloading of cargo are set at half the rate provided for manual and mechanized loading and unloading for each operation.
When vehicles are idle for loading and unloading industrial and food cargo that requires special care (glass, porcelain, earthenware, various liquids in glass containers, musical instruments, televisions, radio equipment, appliances, furniture, etc.), as well as small-piece cargo transported in bulk or in small packaging that require recounting (linen, shoes, hats, clothing, haberdashery, various fabrics, books, toys, vegetables, fruits, fresh berries, etc.), the standard downtime per 1 ton is increased to 25%.
Managers of motor transport enterprises are allowed to set internal standards for vehicle downtime for loading and unloading cargo, based on specific operating conditions, in the following cases:
when loading dump trucks with a lifting capacity of over 8 tons using excavators with a bucket capacity of up to 1 cubic meter. m, loading and unloading on-board vehicles with a carrying capacity of over 8 tons using mechanisms with simultaneous lifting of 1 ton loads, as well as manually;
when loading or unloading cargo with delivery of a vehicle to several sections of warehouses or individual warehouse premises on the territory of warehouse bases, stations, ports, marinas, enterprises, construction and trade organizations, including retail outlets in the city;
when loading and unloading large-sized and heavy cargo, requiring special devices for their fastening, having a mass of more than 500 kg per piece (including cargo in barrels, drums, cylinders, on reels, in rolls and coils), as well as cargo that is loaded and unloaded by self-propelled vehicles.

Large-sized cargo includes cargo with a space greater than: height - 2.5 m, or width - 2 m, or length - 3 m.

Despite legislative permission to introduce internal regulations time, it should be noted that in cases where the time standards in force at enterprises are lower than the Unified Time Standards, the current standards must be applied.

The tables below indicate downtime standards various types vehicles when loading and unloading individual goods in different ways, as well as time standards for transporting goods.

When establishing time standards for loading and unloading cargo manually, the estimated number of loaders was adopted to ensure compliance with the Unified Time Standards.

^ Standards for downtime of dump trucks during mechanized loading of bulk cargo, unloading them with a dump truck (min. per 1 ton of cargo)

^ Name of cargo

Loading method

Bucket capacity, cubic meters m

^ Loading capacity of dump trucks, t

over 1.5 TO 3.0

over 3.0 TO 4.0

over 4.0 to 5.0

over 5.0 to 6.0

over 6.0 to 7.0

over 7.0 TO 9.0

over 9.0 TO 10.0

over 10.0 to 12.0

over 12.0 TO 15.0

over 15.0 to 20.0

over 20.0 TO 25.0

over 25.0

Fertilizers, manure, etc.

Excavator

Construction and other cargo that can be easily separated from the body of a dump truck (sand, earth, crushed stone, gravel, natural stones, expanded clay, etc.)

Excavator

Up to 1
Over 1 to 3
Over 3 to 5
Over 5

2,66
1,88
1,15
0,76

2,10
1,40
1,03
0,66

1,97
1,25
0,98
0,59

1,88
1,20
0,84
0,53

1,75
1,03
0,74
0,49

0,91
0,67
0,44

0,82
0,61
0,35

0,75
0,54
0,30

0,68
0,41
0,28

Viscous and semi-viscous loads (clay, raw rock, etc.), as well as partially frozen and compacted soil

Excavator

Up to 1
Over 1 to 3
Over 3 to 5
Over 5

2,50
1,80
1,35

2,25
1,61
1,26

2,14
1,54
1,20
1,05

2,10
1,32
1,05
0,91

1,16
0,95
0,80

1,05
0,90
0,75

0,96
0,83
0,69

0,86
0,75
0,65

0,70
0,60
0,55

0,62
0,53
0,49

0,60
0,52
0,48

Bunker, grain loader

Vegetables (potatoes, beets, etc.)

From a bunker, a combine

Gravel, crushed stone, natural stones, coal, etc.

Bunker, conveyor

Mortars, building masses (concrete, cement, asphalt, etc.)

Hopper mixer

Cereal flour and all other technical flours

Bunker

^ Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading and unloading bulk cargo by mechanization (min. per 1 ton)

^ Name of cargo

Carrying capacity of onboard vehicles, t

loading

unloading

Over 1.5 to 3.0

Over 3 to 5

Over 5 to 7

Over 7 to 10

Over 10 to 15

Over 15 to 20

Fertilizers, manure, etc.

Excavator up to 1 cubic. m

Scrapers, nets

Excavator from 1 to 3 cubic meters. m

Scrapers, nets

Cereals (rye, barley, wheat, etc.)

Bunker, grain loader, conveyor

Truck unloader

Vegetables (potatoes, beets, etc.)

From a combine hopper, by a loader

Unloader vehicle

Standards of downtime for onboard vehicles during loading and unloading by cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms of packaged and unpackaged cargo that does not require special devices for securing them (min.)

Mass of the load while lifting the mechanism, t

Over 1.0 to 3.0

^Over 3.0 TO 5.0

Over 1.5 to 3.0

^ Over 3.0 to 5.0

Over 5.0 to 7.0

^ Over 7.0 to 10.0

Over 10.0 to 15.0

^ Over 15.0 to 20.0

^ Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles for loading and unloading cargo in packages using a mechanized method and piece rates (min. per 1 ton)

^ Car load capacity

Pallets gross weight, t

truck cranes

gantry, bridge and other cranes

auto and electric forklifts

^ Standards for downtime of tank vehicles when loading and unloading liquid cargo

^ Operating volume of the tank, cubic meters. m, thousand l

By gravity

^ Using a pump

Filling with a pump, draining by gravity, and vice versa

dark petroleum products

food cargo and light petroleum products

dark oil products

food cargo and light petroleum products

dark petroleum products

^ Over 1.5 to 3.0

Over 3.0 to 5.0

^ Over 5.0 to 7.0

Over 7.0 to 10.0

^ Over 10.0 to 15.0

Over 15.0 to 20.0

^ Standards for downtime of tank cars when loading through the top hatches and unloading by gravity and pneumatic methods

^ Operating volume of the tank, thousand liters, cubic meters. m

Standard time for tank operating volume, min.

floury raw materials

Construction Materials

^ Over 3.0 to 5.0

Over 5.0 to 7.0

^ Over 7.0 to 10.0

Over 10.0 to 15.0

^ Over 15.0 to 20.0

Note. The standards take into account additional time for blowing the tank and purging the discharge hose.

^ Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles and container ships when loading or unloading containers with cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms

Container weight, t

^ Standard vehicle downtime when loading or unloading one container, min.

Note. The time standards include the time required for loading (unloading) cargo with a toe or carry of the cargo, for maneuvering a vehicle (road train), tying and untying the cargo, covering the cargo with a tarpaulin and removing the tarpaulin, opening and closing the sides (doors) of the vehicle and trailers, and also registration of documents for the import (export) of goods. The specified downtime standards also apply to tractor-trailer vehicles.

^ Downtime standards for flatbed vehicles and general purpose vans when loading and unloading manually bulk cargo, packaged and unpackaged

^ Vehicle load capacity, t

Standard time, min.

^ Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading or unloading goods manually into a container without removing it from the vehicle

Container weight, t

^ Standard vehicle downtime when loading or unloading cargo, min.

to the first container

for the second and each subsequent container in this trip

^ Over 0.5 to 1.25

Over 1.25 to 2.0

^ Over 2.0 to 3.0

Over 3.0 to 5.0

^ Over 5.0 to 10.0

Over 10.0 to 20.0

Standards for downtime of specialized rolling stock for container transportation of goods when loading or unloading containers using lifting equipment

^ Rolling stock

Standard downtime when loading or unloading one container, min.

^ Weight of one container, t

from 0.25 to 0.45

from 0.45 to 0.625

Self-loader vehicle with tail lift (model TsPKTB A130)

^ Van with a tail lift (model TsPKTB-A130F)

^ Self-loader vehicle with crane installation 4030P

^ Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane based on the ZIL-130 vehicle (model NIIAT-A825)

^ Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane (model NIIAT-P404)

^ Self-loader vehicle with a portal crane based on the KamAZ-5320 vehicle (model 5983)

^ Semitrailer-self-loader HLS-200.78 TK

Note. The standard downtime for loading or unloading a vehicle is determined by multiplying the standard time set for one container by the number of containers.

^ Standards for vehicle downtime when performing additional work during loading or unloading cargo

Name of works

Standard downtime, min.

1. Weighing cargo on truck scales:
1.1. For each determination of the weight of cargo in a car or trailer (weighing an empty and loaded car or trailer), regardless of the class of cargo and the carrying capacity of the car

1.2. For each determination of the weight of cargo in a road train (weighing an empty and loaded vehicle with a trailer or semi-trailer), regardless of the class of cargo and the carrying capacity of the vehicle

2. Weighing or re-weighing cargo on decimal or hundredth scales on a vehicle (road train) with a carrying capacity, t: up to 4 inclusive over 4 up to 7 inclusive over 7

3. Conversion of cargo spaces for each car, semi-trailer or trailer, regardless of cargo class and carrying capacity

4. Arrival at each intermediate loading or unloading point, regardless of the carrying capacity of the vehicle (road train)

^ Time standards for uncoupling and hitching exchange semi-trailers

Semi-trailer load capacity, t

^ Standard time, min.

for a clue

to uncouple

Over 10 to 20

^ Driving conditions

Average truck speed

Group A highways

Group B roads

Group B highways

Settlements located on the highway

Cities with a population of over 60 thousand inhabitants located along the route

Table 7.13

Estimated mileage rates for trucks

Time standards for 1 t-km N(time) are calculated using the following formula:

60 N(v) = -------,
V хр x q

where 60 is the conversion factor of 1 hour per minute; V is the estimated mileage of a truck, km/h; P is the mileage utilization coefficient, (3 = 0.5; q is the vehicle’s carrying capacity, i.e.

a) when working outside the city:

^ Groups highways

Transport characteristics

Estimated vehicle mileage V, km/h

Main roads high-speed traffic, main streets of citywide importance of continuous traffic

Main roads of regulated traffic, main streets of citywide importance of regulated traffic and regional importance

Local streets and roads

b) when working in the city - regardless of the type of road surface for cars and road trains with a carrying capacity of up to 7 tons (tank truck up to 6 thousand l) - 25 km per hour, and for 7 tons (tank truck 6 thousand l) and above - 24 km at one o'clock.

During the time a car driver works on roads of different groups in one trip, time standards for single trips are established for the predominant group of roads.

Estimated mileage rates for trucks can be reduced by the head of the enterprise:

when transporting cargo that requires special care (acids, flammable substances, liquids in glass containers, glassware, musical instruments, televisions, radio products, instruments, etc., as well as cargo in bulky high-dimensional containers, lightweight cargo transported with lashing in terms of loading height in excess of the established dimensions of the vehicle, dust-producing (cargo, explosives) - up to 15%;

when working at a distance of up to 1 km, as well as in off-road conditions, in quarries and on hard-to-reach sections of the road (during mud, in the absence of roads, etc.) - up to 40% against the norms established for natural dirt roads;

when working at a distance of over 1 to 3 km on roads of groups A, B, C - up to 20%.

When operating a tractor with a semi-trailer, the time standards for 1 tkm are taken with a coefficient of 1.2, and when working, respectively, with a semi-trailer and a trailer or two trailers - 1.0.

For class 4 cargo that provides a load capacity utilization factor below 0.5 when the vehicle is fully loaded in size using extended sides, it is allowed to set time standards based on the actual utilization factor of the vehicle's carrying capacity.

In cases where, as a result of the use of extended sides and other similar measures when transporting goods of classes 2-4, the vehicle's carrying capacity is fully used, correction factors to time standards are not applied.

^ Time standards for 1 t.km when working on Group I vehicles (onboard vehicles and general purpose vans)

^ Vehicle load capacity, t

Standard time, min.

^ Outside the city by road groups

Goal of the work: familiarization with methodological recommendations for the application of Unified time standards for loading and unloading vehicles, mastering the features of the methodology for determining time standards for mechanized and non-mechanized loading and unloading of various types of cargo.

Theoretical provisions. Guidelines on the application of time standards for the transportation of goods by car are established by the Uniform Time Standards for the transportation of goods by road.

Unified time standards for the transportation of goods by road are intended for calculating prices for payment for services for the transportation of goods by road transport enterprises, rationing and remuneration of drivers.

These standards apply to the transportation of goods by almost all types freight transport: flatbed vehicles and general-purpose vans, specialized vehicles - dump trucks, vans, tanks, refrigerators, container ships, etc., as well as tractors with trailers and semi-trailers.

The development of the Unified Time Standards is based on:

· technical calculations and photographic observations;

· technical characteristics of rolling stock of road transport, loading and unloading machines and mechanisms, highways, etc., as well as the results of analysis of labor organization and measures to improve it. Unified time standards are developed taking into account:

· rational organization of cargo transportation and loading and unloading operations;

· use of mechanization equipment: excavators with different bucket capacities, automobile, bridge, portal, gantry cranes, loaders (automobile, battery and tractor), conveyors, mechanical shovels and other loading and unloading machines and mechanisms;

· characteristics of the transported goods - type of packaging, specific weight, physical condition, etc.;

· maximum use of the carrying capacity and cargo capacity of rolling stock of road transport and containers;

· various road conditions operation of vehicles;

· compliance with the Rules traffic, Safety Rules and Regulations technical operation rolling stock of road transport.

Unified time standards provide for the rational organization of the transport process, which ensures:

Reducing excess time spent on vehicle downtime during loading and unloading of cargo due to: expanding the scope of loading and unloading operations and the use of their comprehensive mechanization; drawing up and strictly observing vehicle supply and operation schedules; creating access roads and areas for maneuvering vehicles, especially vehicles with trailers, tractors with multiple trailers or semi-trailers; preliminary preparation of cargo, etc.

Rational stowage of cargo, the use of removable shields, etc., allowing maximum use of the carrying capacity and capacity of the rolling stock.

Proper placement of cargo in the body, promoting uniform distribution of the weight load on chassis vehicle and make it easier to control.

Optimal modes of movement of vehicles (road trains) on the relevant sections of the route, taking into account the condition of the road surface, visibility, traffic intensity and other factors, with strict adherence to the Rules of the Road, as well as drivers’ knowledge of the basic technical characteristics and rules of operation of various brands of rolling stock of road transport when transporting relevant goods. Transportation of goods must be carried out along rationally constructed routes, taking into account the shortest distances, traffic conditions on each section of the route, ensuring the loading of vehicles in both directions.

Consolidation of the operating mode of vehicles by organizing a team method of work for drivers.

Unified time standards are established:

· when vehicles are idle for loading and unloading class 1 cargo (except for containers, as well as liquid and dusty cargo in tank trucks that do not have a class) - per ton; for containers per container; for liquid and dusty cargo in tank trucks - for the full operational volume of the tank;

· when transporting 1st class cargo - per ton-kilometer. For goods of classes 1, 2, 3 and 4, time standards are applied with correction factors given in table No. 1:

Table No. 1.

Note 1. Correction factors are calculated based on correction factor use of the vehicle's carrying capacity in accordance with table No. 2:

Table No. 2.

Classes of cargo when transported on vehicles with standard flatbed and dump bodies are determined in accordance with the nomenclature and classification of cargo. When transporting cargo on vehicles with standard flatbed and dump bodies that are not provided for in the attached nomenclature and classification, as well as various cargo on specialized vehicles (with special platforms), in vans, livestock carriers, tanks, etc., correction factors are determined based on the average the actual coefficient of utilization of the carrying capacity of an onboard or specialized vehicle, provided that its body is fully loaded according to the permissible size (volume).

Note 2. The correction factor is determined by dividing one by the load capacity utilization factor.

In the same order, correction factors are determined for class 4 cargo, which ensures a utilization rate of the vehicle's carrying capacity below 0.5 when the vehicle is fully loaded with extended sides according to the permissible size (volume).

Note 3. The time standards indicated in Tables 3 and 4 in this practical work increase:

a) by 10% if loading or unloading of goods is carried out from van-type vehicles;

b) by 25% - when loading and unloading industrial and food cargo that requires special care (glass, porcelain and earthenware, various liquids in glass containers, musical instruments, televisions, radio products, appliances, furniture), as well as small-piece cargo transported in bulk or in small packaging and requiring recounting (linen, shoes, hats, clothing, haberdashery, knitwear, various fabrics, stationery, books, toys, meat and meat products, dairy products).

For loading and unloading large-sized and heavy cargo that requires special devices for securing them, time standards are established depending on specific conditions by agreement of the parties.

When delivering vehicles to several sections of warehouses or individual storage facilities, by mutual agreement of the parties signing an agreement for the centralized delivery (export) of goods, average complex standards for vehicle (road train) downtime for loading or unloading and performing additional operations, taking into account the established standards, can be established and the actual number of additional operations performed.

The downtime of a vehicle (road train) for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the vehicle (road train) is delivered to the place of loading or unloading and the driver presents transport documents for the transportation of goods until the moment the loading or unloading is completed and the driver is presented with properly executed transport documents.

The time standards indicated in Tables 3 and 4 include the time required for loading (unloading) cargo with a tossing or lifting of the cargo, for maneuvering a vehicle (road train), tying and untying the cargo, covering the cargo with a tarpaulin and removing the tarpaulin, opening and closing the sides (doors) of cars and trailers, as well as paperwork for the import (export) of goods.

Employees of motor transport enterprises involved in organizing transportation, as well as those who are responsible for organizing the work of drivers, must take into account the Interindustry Standards of time for loading and unloading wagons, vehicles and warehouse work when calculating the time for transportation.

The time numbers presented in Tables 3 and 4 contain data on the loading and unloading of wagons, vehicles and warehouse work performed mechanized, as well as manually without the use or with the use of simple devices for the following categories of cargo: packaged and piece goods, meat, bakery products, heavy cargo, metals and metal products, timber, fireproof cargo, bulk, grain and others.

The specified time standards provide for the following options for loading and unloading operations:

· railway rolling stock - warehouse, warehouse - railway rolling stock;

· railway rolling stock - motor transport, motor transport - railway rolling stock;

· railway rolling stock - railway rolling stock;

· motor transport - warehouse, warehouse - motor transport.

Table No. 3. Time standards for mechanized loading and unloading of vehicles (road trains) (in minutes)

Note 4. Mechanized loading or unloading is considered to be when loading cargo into the body of a car or removing it from the body of a car is carried out by lifting and transport machines.

Table No. 4. Time standards for non-mechanized loading and unloading of vehicles (in minutes)

Note 5. Non-mechanized loading (unloading) is considered to be when loading cargo into the body of a car or removing it from the body of a car is done manually.

The procedure for determining the time for loading and unloading cargo.

1. Determine the full load of the car:

where is the vehicle’s carrying capacity, t;

Load factor, determined taking into account the load capacity utilization factor:

, (2)

2. In accordance with Table 1, we determine the correction factor k p to the total time spent on loading or unloading cargo.

3. Taking into account the obtained value of the full vehicle load according to tables 3 and 4 and in accordance with the conditions of loading and unloading, determine the time spent on loading and unloading operations performed from vehicles of the required carrying capacity.

4. Required number of vehicles for cargo delivery:

, (3)

where is the average daily transportation of cargo by one vehicle, t;

, (4)

where is the number of days required to transport the cargo, days.

5. Average daily number of trips by road when transporting cargo:

, (5)

where is the total number of trips by road to transport cargo.

An example of performing calculations for practical work No. 1.

Exercise. Determine the required number of vehicles and the total time spent on transporting class 3 cargo (400 pieces of televisions), which requires special care during mechanized loading and non-mechanized unloading, over a distance of 56 km by car - van, with a carrying capacity of 6 tons and a useful volume of the van of 12 m 3.

1. Initially, we set the full load of the car in accordance with expression (1) and taking into account the correction factor k gr (2), we obtain:

t (6)

2. The total time spent on delivering the entire cargo is determined in accordance with the expression:

where T pog is the time spent on mechanized loading of one vehicle, determined taking into account the value of the correction factor, k p = 1.66 for the 3rd class of cargo and taking into account Note 3 with a time correction for Table 3, hour:

where T m pog is the time of mechanized loading, determined according to Table 3, T m pog = 20 min = 0.3 hours;

Т per – time spent during one trip by car over a given distance, hour, is determined from the expression, while taking the average speed of the car equal to 60 km/h:

hour (9)

where T times is the time spent on non-mechanized unloading of one vehicle, determined taking into account the value of the correction factor, k p = 1.66 for the 3rd class of cargo and taking into account Note 3 with a time correction for Table 4, hour:

where T nm times is the time of non-mechanized unloading, determined according to Table 4, T nm times = 28 min = 0.47 hour

3. Taking into account expressions (3), (4) and (5), we find the required number of vehicles for delivering the goods. In this case, we take the total number of trips by road to transport cargo to be equal to 2, and the number of days required to transport cargo to be equal to 3 days. Having accepted these conditions, we get:

(11)

We take the number of vehicles for transporting cargo to be 2.

4. Substituting the values ​​obtained when calculating expressions (8), (9), (10) and (11) into expression (7), we obtain the total time spent on delivering the entire cargo:

Table No. 5.

Options for tasks to complete independent work students

Practical work No. 2

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GENERAL RULES FOR CARGO TRANSPORT BY ROAD TRANSPORT (approved by the Ministry of Autotransport of the RSFSR 30-07-71) (2020) Current in 2018

TIME STANDARDS FOR LOADING OR UNLOADING VEHICLES (ROAD TRAINS)

1. Time standards for loading and unloading operations performed by means railways for centralized delivery (removal) of goods to railway stations by public road transport, are given in Table. 1, 2, 3.

Table 1

TIME STANDARDS FOR MECHANIZED LOADING AND UNLOADING OF VEHICLES

(in minutes)

Note. Mechanized loading or unloading is considered to be when loading cargo into the body of a car or removing it from the body of a car is carried out by lifting and transport machines.

table 2

TIME STANDARDS FOR NON-MECHANIZED LOADING AND UNLOADING OF VEHICLES

(in minutes)

Note. Non-mechanized loading (unloading) is considered to be when loading cargo into the body of a car or removing it from the body of a car is done manually.

Table 3

TIME STANDARDS FOR LOADING (UNLOADING) CONTAINERS ON VEHICLES

(in minutes)

2. Time standards indicated in table. 1 and 2, increase:

a) when weighing cargo on truck scales or recalculating cargo packages - for 4 minutes for each determination of cargo weight or recalculation in each car or trailer, regardless of the class of cargo and the carrying capacity of the car and trailer;

b) when weighing and re-weighing cargo on decimal, hundredth scales on a car (road train) with a carrying capacity of up to 4 tons inclusive - for 9 minutes, with a carrying capacity of over 4 to 7 tons - for 13 minutes and for cars (road trains) with a carrying capacity of over 7 tons - for 18 minutes;

c) by 10% if loading or unloading of goods is carried out from van-type vehicles;

d) by 25% - when loading and unloading industrial and food cargo that requires special care (glass, porcelain and earthenware, various liquids in glass containers, musical instruments, televisions, radio products, appliances, furniture), as well as small piece cargo, transported in bulk or in small packaging and requiring recounting (linen, shoes, hats, clothing, haberdashery, knitwear, various fabrics, stationery, books, toys, meat and meat products, dairy products).

3. For loading and unloading large-sized and heavy cargo that requires special devices for securing them, time standards are established depending on specific conditions by agreement of the parties.

4. When delivering vehicles to several sections of warehouses or individual storage facilities, by mutual agreement of the parties signing an agreement for the centralized delivery (export) of goods, average complex standards for vehicle (road train) downtime for loading or unloading and performing additional operations can be established, taking into account established standards and the actual number of additional operations performed.

5. The downtime of a vehicle (road train) for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the vehicle (road train) is delivered to the place of loading or unloading and the driver presents transport documents for the transportation of goods until the moment the loading or unloading is completed and the driver is presented with properly executed transport documents.

6. Within the time standards specified in table. 1, 2, 3, includes the time required for loading (unloading) cargo with a toss or carry of the cargo, for maneuvering the vehicle (road train), tying and untying the cargo, covering the cargo with a tarpaulin and removing the tarpaulin, opening and closing the sides (doors) of the vehicle and trailers, as well as paperwork for the import (export) of goods.

Appendix No. 4
to the Rules for centralized delivery
(export) of cargo by road
public transport
at the railway station,
located
on the territory of the RSFSR

Table 2 - Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles when loading and unloading bulk cargo by mechanization

Table 3 – Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles during loading and unloading by cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms of packaged and unpackaged cargo that does not require special devices for securing them

Table 4 – Standards for downtime of dump trucks during mechanized loading of bulk cargo and unloading with a dump truck

Note. Downtime standards also apply to tractor-trailers and dump trucks.

Table 5 – Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles for loading and unloading cargo in packages using a mechanized method

Table 6 – Standards for downtime of onboard vehicles and container ships when loading or unloading containers with cranes, forklifts and other similar mechanisms

Table 7 – Downtime standards for flatbed vehicles and general purpose vans when loading and unloading manually bulk cargo, packaged and unpackaged