​CVT or automatic: which is better? CVT and automatic, which is better Cars with an automatic transmission and not a CVT

Nowadays you won’t surprise anyone with a car with an automatic transmission, much less a CVT. Which gearbox is better, how they differ, their advantages and disadvantages, we will look at in our article.

Let’s immediately clarify this fact: two pedals are an automatic transmission gearbox, the operation of which is ensured by two components: a torque converter and a gearbox. The torque converter is directly responsible for changing speed, i.e. performs all the functions of the clutch, and the gearbox is responsible for the constant joint work of the gears. Previously, the automatic transmission was four-speed, but now engineers have gone further and released an eight-speed automatic transmission.

A CVT gearbox is a gearbox that combines both manual and automatic. This is a continuously variable transmission that allows you to always keep the engine ready to move. As a rule, cars with a CVT are equipped with a very powerful hydraulic system. This is necessary so that the cost of driving the pump is lower, allowing you to save money.

Typically, this option is more to the liking of the female half of the population, since the difficulties of driving a car with automatic transmission are minimal. You can be completely sure that the car will not stall if you quickly release the clutch, because with an automatic transmission it is not needed, the car changes gears independently. This is the main advantage of this type of gearbox.

Differences between automatic and variator

It is impossible to visually distinguish an automatic from a variator, since there is no difference in the placement of the lever. It can be located either near the steering wheel or at the usual location of the box. The difference can only be felt when driving: with a CVT gearbox, transmission switching occurs very smoothly, almost imperceptibly; you can understand that the speed has been switched only by the sound of the engine. On an automatic, the speed is changed with a slight jerk. On the latest generation automatic transmission, shifting occurs very smoothly, especially if the box is equipped with two clutches, for example, a DSG automatic transmission from Volkswagen.

In addition to the sound of operation and the feeling of switching, CVT automatic transmissions differ in structure. Thus, the basis of the variator is a mechanism that allows you to very smoothly change the speed between the drive and driven disks. This happens through a belt or chain that connects the discs to each other. There are several different types of drives available for CVTs.

A car that has a CVT as a transmission shift box has a much shorter acceleration time, while the acceleration is very smooth and almost imperceptible. Such gearboxes entered industrial production relatively recently. Also, the design has less weight and is considered very reliable. So that you can clearly see how the variator works, we suggest watching the video:

As for the structure of the automatic, it is somewhat different from the variator. The operation of the machine is ensured by gears, the operation of which is controlled by the gearbox. Because of the clutch of these gears, a slight jerk is felt when switching transmissions. The boxes also differ in structure. An experienced driver will be able to distinguish a CVT from an automatic the first time, looking only at their structure. In the video you can see how the automatic transmission works:

So, you can distinguish a CVT from an automatic by the following characteristics:

• markings on the engine and description in documents. As a rule, automatic transmission is designated A or AT, and a CVT gearbox is designated CVT;
• jolts when changing speed. The automatic has them, but the CVT does not;
• acceleration A car equipped with a CVT transmission accelerates smoothly without jerking when you press the accelerator pedal sharply. The automatic will move forward a little, and you will feel the acceleration;
• rise. If the car has an automatic transmission, then when climbing, if you press the gas pedal and then release it, the car will not roll back, which cannot be said about a CVT transmission.

Important! If you still don’t understand, look through the documents and check the markings on the engine, they should match the documents.

It is important to consider that electronics are responsible for the operation of both the variator and the automatic transmission. Therefore, it is highly not recommended to reflash the engine, otherwise all the electronics may not work correctly or be completely erased. Even if you plan to have the flashing done by a professional, it is better not to do this, as repairs will be very expensive.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Let's first consider the machine with all its pros and cons, let's start with the pros:

• easier driving, especially in traffic jams;
• it is almost impossible to stall;
• preservation of the engine, as smooth switching protects it from wear, ensuring long operation;
• lower fuel consumption than with a manual transmission.

Now let's look at the cons:

• slight loss in dynamics - the speed switches a little slower than with a variator. However, dual-clutch models shift gears much faster than CVT transmissions;
• very expensive repairs;
• frequent oil changes;
• slightly prolonged warm-up in cold weather.

Sometimes the car starts to accelerate sharply, this is due to the fact that the gear shift system takes a certain time to realize that it needs to change the transmission.

In fact, there are no critical shortcomings, so if you like automatic cars, you can safely purchase it.

Now let's take a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages of the variator. Let's start with the positive qualities:

• fast smooth acceleration without harm to the engine, as well as less time required for acceleration;
• reduced fuel costs;
• optimal engine operating mode;
• longer period of use;
• reliability.

The positive aspects are almost completely identical to the automatic one, this is not surprising, because their operating principle is almost the same. Next, let's look at the negative aspects of the variator:

• expensive repairs;
• frequent belt replacement, approximately every 90-120 thousand kilometers;
• special oil designed for CVTs.

The disadvantages of a variator are, of course, significant, but it is much more reliable and has a longer service life than an automatic. Another important point, which can hardly be classified as an advantage or disadvantage, is the inability to tow and use a trailer. The structure of the box itself does not allow these actions to be carried out. It is not worth experimenting, since repairing an automatic transmission is very expensive.

Important! The most common failure on a variator is the belt that connects the pulleys. To protect it from rapid wear, you can use a special product that provides an additive and prevents the belt from quickly fraying.

To ensure that your swallow with an automatic transmission serves you for a long time, we recommend that you follow the rules described below:

• warming up the car in the cold season;
• control over the fluid level in the box and its timely replacement;
• smooth acceleration with smooth braking;
• frequent inspection of the gearbox and careful monitoring of sensor indicators;
• timely access to the service station.

Important! If an uncharacteristic sound appears in your car, immediately contact a specialist for diagnosis.

Which option is better?

Only the driver himself can answer this question. But if you don't know what criteria to choose, you can find them below:

• driving style. If you drive fast, then the CVT is the best for you. best option. If you don’t take turns sharply and don’t drive in an extreme manner, then an automatic will suit you;
• technical specifications. If you need a car with smooth gear shifting, then the choice is a CVT; if this is not important for you, the main thing is not to press the clutch pedal, then both options are suitable;
• gearbox service life. Of course, a CVT transmission will serve you much longer with proper care, unlike an automatic one;
• repair. The CVT transmission is not yet as popular as an automatic transmission, so not every service station will repair it, while an automatic transmission can be repaired almost everywhere;
• operating mode. Modern gearboxes offer different gearbox switching modes. There are three: economical, comfortable and sporty. In economy mode, the system itself selects the optimal option for engine operation, trying to switch to a higher gear if possible. Sport mode, unlike economy mode, switches the engine to downshift, thereby ensuring that the engine has power reserves. Comfort mode ensures the smoothest transmission shifting;
• speed change method. Modern automatic transmissions have a manual shift function. This is convenient for those drivers who want to always keep the car under control and change gears independently. This type is most often used on those car models for which mechanics are not initially provided.

It is impossible to say which gearbox is better, since each driver chooses exclusively for himself.

Important! If you still haven’t figured out which transmission shifter is more reliable, then contact specialists at any service station, they will provide you with all the information you are interested in.

Which box you choose is entirely up to you. Therefore, before choosing a car, carefully study all the pros and cons of different gearboxes and choose the one that suits you.

On modern automotive market you can find several options for cars using automatic transmissions. First of all, these include classic hydromechanical automatic transmissions and variators, although there is also an option with robotic switching transmission Formally, these options are similar - when changing gears, mechanical energy, that is, the driver’s physical effort, is not used. However, they are structurally significantly different, which leads to different advantages and disadvantages of different options. Therefore, let's try to find out how classic automatic machines differ from CVTs and which design is better.

Automatic transmission

From a formal point of view, automatic transmissions include any gearbox in which gear shifting occurs without driver participation. However, historically this name was assigned to the hydromechanical gearbox, which appeared in the first half of the 20th century. Boxes with 4 gears were the first to appear; modern automatic transmissions can have 6, 8 and even 9 gears in the most advanced variations.

Brief overview

A classic automatic transmission consists of several blocks that ensure gear shifting without human intervention.

1. Planetary gearbox (planetary gearbox) is the main automatic transmission unit that shifts gears and is responsible for the speed of the vehicle. The gearbox consists of a sun gear, a planetary carrier, satellites and a ring gear.
2. Hydraulic control system - is responsible for the operation of the planetary gearbox and controls it.
3. Torque converter (fluid coupling) - transmits torque from the engine to the planetary gearbox. For transmission, a fluid coupling uses working fluid- transmission oil. At the same time, the fluid coupling also performs clutch functions. The torque converter is located on the engine flywheel.

Pros and cons

A classic automatic transmission is a unit whose design has been tested by time. The pros and cons of the hydromechanical automatic transmission design were clearly evident in the first generation of gearboxes. Modern automakers are improving the design of automatic transmissions, so on the most expensive models its shortcomings are smoothed out.

The advantages of automatic transmission include the following qualities.

1. Reliable and time-tested design. Modern torque converters have a service life of hundreds of thousands of kilometers.
2. Ease of use and ease of repair. The design of the automatic transmission is quite simple and well studied by car service workers.
3. The ability to “digest” huge torque.
4. Ability to “survive” short-term towing.
5. The presence of a manual gear shift mechanism.
6. Gentle treatment of the engine. The automatic transmission changes gears earlier than the engine speed reaches high numbers. Thanks to this, the resource is saved power unit.
7. Low demands on transmission oil. Classic 4-speed automatic transmissions are practically “omnivorous” - it is not at all necessary to purchase original oil, so replacing it with an analogue is quite acceptable. At the same time, new generation automatic transmissions with 8 or 9 gears are quite demanding in terms of quality transmission oil.

The disadvantages of the automatic transmission are also pronounced. These include the following disadvantages.

1. Relatively low efficiency. Due to losses in the torque converter, the automatic transmission uses less useful engine power. In this, the automatic transmission is inferior and manual transmission, and a variator.
2. Increased fuel consumption. This drawback is directly related to the previous one. To produce comparable power, a car with an automatic transmission uses a larger volume of fuel.
3. Lack of dynamism. Acceleration of a car with automatic transmission is inferior to cars with manual transmission and CVT.
4. Jerks when changing gears. While driving, noticeable jerks are felt when the automatic transmission changes gears. This drawback is especially typical for a classic 4-speed automatic; on a new generation automatic transmission with a large number of gears, jerks are significantly softened.

CVT

A variator (CVT) is a variant of a continuously variable transmission that does not change gears during operation. The simplest variator models were used in mills, then on various machine tools. Passenger cars began to be equipped with CVTs in the second half of the 20th century, and the heyday of the continuously variable transmission began in the 21st century.

Brief overview

There are many varieties of CVTs; in the passenger car industry, the following varieties are most often found:

• V-belt transmission;
• V-chain transmission

The V-belt variator is the most common type of variator today. The torque from the engine is transmitted to them using a trapezoidal metal belt. The belt is put on two pulleys - one driving, transmitting force from the power unit, and one driven, transmitting force to the wheels. Changing the pulley diameters changes the gear ratios, roughly corresponding to the ranges of conventional transmission gears. The operating principle of V-chain transmissions is similar, but in them the belt is replaced by a chain.

Pros and cons

The CVT has many advantages compared to manual transmission and even hydromechanical automatic transmission. However, certain design flaws prevent it from completely displacing other transmission options.

TO positive qualities The advantages of the variator include the following.

1. High transmission efficiency. A CVT does not require any power to change gears, so more power is used from the engine.
2. Lower fuel consumption - this plus follows from the previous one. To achieve the required speed, the CVT uses less gasoline.
3. Greater environmental friendliness - lower fuel consumption also determines the lower amount of harmful emissions in the car exhaust.
4. Smooth acceleration with best performance acceleration. The variator allows you to accelerate the car faster, since there is no time spent changing gears. So, in terms of dynamic characteristics, the CVT outperforms both a manual transmission and even more so an automatic transmission.
5. No jerking. Since the variator has no gears, the movement occurs smoothly. Accelerating in a car with a CVT is reminiscent of driving an electric car or, for example, a trolleybus. This ensures maximum driving comfort in a car with a CVT.
6. An additional, but not unimportant, plus is the absence of rollback when starting on an uneven surface. A car with a CVT will not stall when starting on a hill and will not roll back, which is especially important for novice drivers.

However, the CVT also has many disadvantages, due to which it loses to other types of transmissions.

1. CVT cannot be installed on engines high power- V-belt or V-chain transmissions are not capable of transmitting torque from engines with a power of more than 220 hp. With.
2. Despite the good dynamic characteristics The CVT is not suitable for sporty driving. He "doesn't love" high speed engine, sudden acceleration, slipping, etc.
3. Insufficient reliability of the design - the presence of a large number of electronics leads to the complexity of the system. Therefore, variator failure is a fairly common occurrence. In addition, repairing a CVT is expensive, and there are not many real specialists in this type of transmission.
4. Less service life of the box - it is recommended to change the variator belt after a run of 150 thousand km, regardless of its physical wear.
5. Requiring maintenance. The variator can only be filled with original gear oil, which is more expensive than its analogues.
6. The CVT does not allow you to tow a trailer or another vehicle.

Similarities

The main similarity between automatic transmissions and CVTs is the absence of mechanical action to change gears when the car is moving. The variator, in principle, has no gears, and the gear ratios on it change in a constant automatic mode. The torque converter is responsible for changing gears and squeezing the clutch in an automatic transmission, so no physical effort is required from the driver.

Differences

There are actually more differences between the two types of transmissions than it seems at first glance.

1. The hydromechanical automatic is universal - it can be installed on cars of any size and type: from city cars to sports cars. CVT is not suitable for powerful sedans, SUVs or sports cars. His element is family and city cars, as well as crossovers.
2. The CVT provides a smoother ride and a more comfortable ride. The automatic is also more comfortable to drive than cars with manual transmission, but is inferior to the CVT due to pronounced jerks.
3. The design of the machine has greater reliability and a longer service life. The variator breaks down more often, requires special maintenance and fails earlier.
4. The CVT is more economical as it consumes less fuel than an automatic transmission.

Which is better: automatic or variator

It is impossible to make an unambiguous conclusion about which type of transmission is better. Automatic transmissions and CVTs differ significantly and are generally designed for various types cars. CVT suitable for calm driving, the automatic is more versatile. It is also quite comfortable, but allows you to ride in sports modes, tow trailers, move around light off-road etc.

Both types of transmissions have their fans, and their arguments sound quite convincing. We can say that for the current level of technology, a CVT and an automatic transmission are almost equal in their advantages. However, this only applies to automatic transmissions with at least 6 gears - the good old 4-speed automatic transmissions are already significantly inferior to modern CVTs.

In general, a balance has now been established in the market - CVTs have found their niche in the form family cars and crossovers. Classic automatic transmissions, although they have lost a separate segment of the market to CVTs, firmly hold their niche, especially in the share of expensive and sports cars. Further improvement of CVTs can change the situation - increasing reliability, increasing service life and giving them the ability to “digest” high torque will make them the undisputed leader among various types transmissions.

Automatic or CVT - which gearbox is better? This question is usually asked by drivers who want to purchase new car, and don’t know which transmission to choose. There are many contradictions about this on the World Wide Web, and you can quickly get confused in it. We will consider comparative parameters, disadvantages and advantages of service and design, information collected from real reviews owners of cars with different transmissions, and data on the design and operation of the automatic transmission and variator.

​Many people think that the CVT was invented later than the automatic transmission, but this is not so. The principle of operation of a continuously variable transmission was discovered in 1490 by Leonardo da Vinci, but he was unable to implement it, since at that time there was no type of motor that is used in modern cars today.

The principle of cones, which are directed in opposite directions, and tensioned conical belts, was discovered by this scientist. Such devices were used in mills. At that time, such a mechanism was a primitive variator. Then they forgot about this mechanism, and only in the 19th century they began to use it on machine tools in production, but it has not yet reached cars. The first engineer who decided to use this invention for road transport, was an engineer from Holland, Hubert van Doorn. He invented the continuously variable transmission, which was installed on cars in 1958.

The variator was installed on cars with an engine of 0.59 liters of useful volume. This was a great success, and then other manufacturers began to think about installing a continuously variable transmission on their cars.

Before moving on to the comparative parameters of an automatic transmission and a variator, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the operating principle and design of both mechanisms. This information will help you make right choice. Let's start our consideration with the variator.

The main difference between a CVT and another gearbox is that it does not have separate gears. Each variator has a certain range in which there is a transmission force under certain conditions at a certain point in time. This condition is possible because the CVT uses a different operating principle, unlike a gearbox.

Let's understand the principle of operation of the variator. It consists of using a belt drive, usually in modern cars a chain (metal belt) is used that transmits torque between the engine crankshaft and the driven shaft connected to the wheel drive. The gear ratio changes smoothly by smoothly changing the diameter of the driven and drive shafts. For such purposes, special methods are used. All modern car manufacturing plants have their own developments in this regard. But all variators are divided into two main types:

1. V-belt variator.
2. Toroidal appearance.

The main element of a V-belt drive can be called a toothed belt with a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape. Some factories use a belt or chain made of metal plates. The other component is two pulleys formed by conical disks that are capable of changing diameter. This allows you to change the speed and magnitude of the transmitted torque.

The work is performed in the following order. When you press the gas pedal, the drive pulley transmits torque from the motor to the driven shaft. But its design is such that when exposed to centrifugal forces due to an increase in speed, the two halves of the disks converge and push the conical belt from the middle of the pulley to the edges. The reverse procedure is carried out on the driven shaft. It has the two halves of the disc separate and the belt moves to the middle of the pulley. This is how the gear ratio and force changes slowly. When the gas pedal is released, the reverse process is performed.

The toroidal type of variator works in a different way. Instead of shafts, there are two wheels that have a spherical surface. Rollers are clamped between the wheels, one of which is driving and the other driven. A change in the magnitude of the torque and gear ratio appears due to a change in the friction force of the rollers and wheels. Changing the location of the rollers in a perpendicular plane makes it possible to change the gear ratio. When the roller is positioned horizontally, the driven and drive wheel rotate at the same angular speed. And if the rollers are in a different position, then the gear ratio changes.

But due to the complexity of the device and production technologies of some elements, toroidal variators are rarely used. Therefore, in the future we will consider the most common V-belt variators in car production.

Lubricants for CVTs differ from other transmission fluids. They are marked CVT. These fluids not only lubricate the parts, but also prevent them from slipping. Thanks to this property, the belt can operate to transmit torque between shafts. Therefore, you should not allow the gearbox to become “oil starved,” otherwise the chain or belt will slip along the surfaces of the shafts, which will lead to their rapid wear.

Which elements in the variator are susceptible to malfunctions?

This device requires high-quality maintenance. The oil must be changed every 80 thousand km, as specified in the manufacturers' regulations. This must not be forgotten, otherwise problems will arise that will require a large investment of money.

• May become dirty oil pump, hydraulic unit
• As a result, the shafts are not able to normally open and tighten the belt, which is slipping.
• If the belt slips, a lot of wear occurs. With increased wear, it will quickly rupture, which will create big problems in a box.
• Scores appear on the ground areas of the shafts, which negatively affects the belt.
• The CVT transmission has a serious drawback in the presence of a large amount of electronics, reaching 50%.

CVT service life

Here it is necessary to remember the need for timely replacement of lubricant, otherwise the service life will be significantly reduced. However, if you service the gearbox in a timely manner, then after 150 thousand km it is recommended to replace the belt so that it does not break and cause harm to the mechanism. Therefore, a CVT gearbox is a more problematic mechanism, unlike other types, and its service life cannot reach 300 thousand km.

Advantages of the variator:

1. Good acceleration dynamics, better than automatic.
2. Low fuel consumption, lower than with an automatic transmission.
3. There are no gears, which means there is no jerking when switching, which provides additional advantages in terms of dynamism and smooth movement.
4. Increased efficiency, 10% more than an automatic transmission.
5. Simple controls vehicle, novice drivers do not need to learn how to drive a car with a CVT transmission, change gears and start off.
6. A car with a CVT does not emit many environmentally harmful substances due to lower gasoline consumption.
7. Gentle mode of action. The selection of working conditions is carried out electronic system, selecting the best operating modes to reduce wear of elements and increase their service life.

Disadvantages of a CVT gearbox:

1. A complex repair method that has not yet been fully mastered by specialists, so its repair can only be performed by official dealers, which costs a lot of money. Find good master using a CVT transmission is very difficult, especially in small towns.
2. Complex electronic system that requires a visit if malfunctioning official dealer, and investing a lot of money.
3. The cost of replacing belts is an expensive procedure; not all car repair shops do it.
4. Special CVT oil is expensive and not easy to find. The brand of oil also plays a big role; if you fill it with a different oil, the box will not work.
5. The CVT box cannot be mounted on cars with powerful engines, more than 220 hp, since powerful engines exert a lot of force on the drive belt and the CVT roller.
6. On a car with a CVT transmission, it is prohibited to tow another car or trailer, or tow the car itself with the engine not running.

This mechanism appeared primarily in shipbuilding in the early 20th century. Its inventor is the German professor Fettinger. He developed a hydrodynamic transmission that separated the ship's engine and propeller. This is how the hydraulic coupling arose, which is the most important element automatic boxes. Subsequently, in 1940 in America, engineers began installing the first automatic boxes for cars.

Their structure has remained virtually unchanged to this day. An automatic transmission has two main elements - a gearbox and a torque converter, which works instead of a clutch. Its principle of operation is to smoothly change gears. The gearbox is designed so that the gears are in continuous mesh with each other. This makes it possible to obtain a single, small-sized mechanism with several stages.

From the very beginning, cars did not have front-wheel drive, they all had rear wheel drive, and with this design, automatic transmissions were equipped with only three gears, which was enough. Today the situation is different, and cars have front-wheel drive, there are more speeds, there are up to six speeds.

Today, this design has been worked out for years, and its design has now been brought to perfection (main types). The design of this box is quite reliable and durable. The rotational torque from the engine is transmitted through the torque converter device, as we discussed, it has no mechanical gearing, it operates due to oil pressure. If there is no rigid clutch, then the reliability of the mechanism is high, but the design includes a planetary gear and shafts, as well as clutches with discs.

The clutches work as a clutch and when they are released and compressed, the necessary clutches come into operation at the appropriate speeds.

Important elements are the hydraulic unit and the high-pressure pump. These are the most important details.

All automatic transmission malfunctions, as well as manual transmissions, arise from untimely repairs and maintenance, and oil changes. Typically, many drivers do not change the oil in an automatic transmission even with significant mileage, which leads to contamination of the cooling radiator, valve body, and filter. As a result, the oil pump is unable to supply operating pressure. Due to this situation, the clutches on the metal discs spin, similar to how the clutch disc slips on a manual transmission. In this case, the speeds are difficult to engage, the car jerks when changing gears.

For this reason, when purchasing, it is recommended to check the automatic transmission oil for smell, since burnt fluid means that the clutches are worn out or burnt. If there is such a smell, then purchasing such a machine is not recommended. Of course, if the automatic transmission is “started”, then there may be more malfunctions: wear of the gears of the planetary mechanism, the friction lining of the torque converter, and many other parts.

​With normal maintenance, the resource can be very large. Sometimes there are cars when timely replacement Automatic transmission oil lasts up to 400 thousand km, and this is on a conventional four-speed automatic transmission. Automatic transmissions of the four-speed older versions are considered the most reliable, especially those made in Japan.

To make the transmission work longer, you need to follow some recommendations:

• Change the oil according to plan; if you need to change it after 70 thousand, then you need to do so. If you replace it earlier, it will be even better. You also need to know that there are no unserviceable boxes.
• Along with the oil, the filter must also be changed, which will significantly increase the service life.
• It is recommended to remove the radiator from the box and clean it, then rinse it.
• Clean the bottom of the box from various contaminants and clean the magnets.

Such rules are necessary, the service life will increase significantly, and can reach 300 thousand km. Due to this reliability, many people choose an automatic transmission.

Advantages of automatic transmission:

1. Easy to drive, no need to decide how to get going and what gear to engage, the automatic machine will work itself.
2. Reliability. With the necessary maintenance, this type of transmission can operate for a long time compared to other types.
3. Maintainability. Automatic transmissions are well mastered and can be repaired in many car repair shops.
4. Type of oil. For automatic transmissions, it is necessary to fill in special oil, but the parameters of this oil are lower compared to other gearboxes, and the cost is lower.
5. A small number of electronic elements, automatic boxes function in conjunction with electronic unit, but the electronic content is no more than 30%, the remaining parts are mechanical.
6. Possible jerks and transfers. Today there are already six-speed transmissions, they already have a significantly higher threshold highest speed, the car will not make much noise in fourth gear, they have soft gear changes, barely noticeable.

Disadvantages of automatic transmission:

1. It does not have the dynamics of a CVT or manual transmission.
2. The efficiency is lower, which means that the automatic transmission does not have a rigid engagement of the transmission with the engine. Everything is done through a torque converter and high oil pressure. Some of the useful work is spent on this engagement.
3. Jerks when changing gears, as there are gears that other types of gearboxes do not have.
4. The oil volume in the transmission is larger compared to other transmissions and reaches 10 liters. The CVT has a volume of 8 liters, the manual one has about 3 liters.
5. Significant fuel consumption, higher than a CVT, but due to lower efficiency.

As a result, we can say that the reliability of this mechanism covers the existing shortcomings - low efficiency, jerks when switching, increased consumption fuel, poor dynamics. But with timely oil changes, the gearbox can work for a long time.

Features of automatic transmission

There are several interesting features, which will help car owners decide on the type of transmission for their car.

1. The volume of special oil in an automatic transmission is larger, although not much, depending on the make of the car. This usually does not affect the cost of the car, since the cost of the original variator lubricant is usually even higher.
2. Filters and oil for the CVT transmission need to be changed more often. During operation, it is necessary to ensure that the oil does not darken or lose its properties, since its quality is important for this mechanism.
3. Most often, car manufacturers advise changing the oil in the CVT transmission every 60 thousand kilometers, but, according to reviews from owners of cars with a CVT transmission, it is better to do this earlier (by 50 thousand). In this case, you need to replace both the oil itself and the filters, which are cheap.
4. In a car with a CVT gearbox, you should not move away abruptly. The principle of its operation is to ensure the best speed and torque so that the device operates in a gentle manner. If you want to drive fast, then this type of transmission is not suitable for you. The CVT should not be used to slip or carry trailers or other vehicles.
5. For a CVT transmission, it is not recommended to drive at too low or very high speeds. Under such conditions, the belt experiences high mechanical loads, which contributes to rapid wear. Also, the oil temperature increases. You need to take care of auxiliary cooling. If you live in a city and often get stuck in traffic jams, then you should think about whether to buy a car with a CVT transmission.
6. When driving a car with a CVT in severe frost, it is necessary to warm up the engine in order to reduce the viscosity of the transmission oil, otherwise the CVT belt will begin to slip, and additional wear will appear on the surface of the belt and pulleys.
7. It is not advisable to purchase a used car with a CVT gearbox. There is a big risk that problems will arise with this mechanism. It is quite easy to check the condition of the box belt. You just need to drive your car on a flat road at low speed for about 1 km. If you feel jolts while driving, then it is better not to purchase this vehicle.
8. It is necessary to monitor the performance of the speed sensor. If it fails, the electronic system switches the variator for emergency operation. If such a situation occurs while driving, then the engine brakes, which has a negative effect on the car.
9. Changing the oil in a CVT box in advance is an important factor. If the oil does not have the necessary performance properties, then the hydraulic unit of the box will slowly clog, which means that the oil pump will not create required level working pressure. Therefore, the shafts will not be able to expand or compress the belt, as a result of which it will slip and wear out quickly. In the worst case, the belt will break, damaging all the internal elements of the device.
10. The transmission belt should be replaced every 150 thousand km, regardless of the condition of the mechanism.

Despite the existing shortcomings of the variator, today they have become the most advanced mechanism in the transmission. Their merits are appreciated by many drivers in different countries. If we consider the shortcomings, then manufacturing plants are constantly improving the design of CVTs; we can say for sure that over time, CVTs will displace automatic and manual transmissions from the car market.

Features of the CVT gearbox

Lastly, we will introduce you to data that will help drivers understand what nuances the CVT transmission hides.

• Driving style. If you want to drive your car dynamically, then a CVT transmission will be for you. the best option. And if extreme driving is not suitable for you, then it is better to buy an automatic.
• For a CVT transmission, you should not drive for a long time at high or low speed.
• When using the variator at too low or high temperature special conditions must be created.
• A car with a CVT cannot be towed with the engine not running (it can be transported with the drive wheels suspended). It is also prohibited to tow other cars or trailers with the vehicle itself.
• You only need to drive a car good roads, otherwise drive belt boxes will break due to heavy loads.
• Change the oil and drive belt in advance.

Before purchasing a car with a CVT-based transmission, you need to be prepared for the conditions of subsequent operation. This is most relevant if you previously owned a car with a manual transmission. But over time, you will quickly get used to it and, most likely, you will be satisfied with the purchase. We must not forget to produce in a timely manner maintenance transmission, follow the rules of driving a vehicle that we discussed earlier.

Which is better - automatic or variator

Considering all the information considered, it is impossible to give definite advice about which transmission is better. These two devices are significantly different from each other, and each mechanism has individual characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to choose based on the operating conditions of the vehicle. It should also be remembered that today on the Russian automobile market there are CVTs that have not yet been fully developed. Vehicle manufacturers are constantly working to improve them, and there are all the prerequisites that one day they will occupy a high place in the market.

Here are some criteria by which you can choose a car:

• Driving style: CVT for fast driving, automatic transmission for more moderate driving.
• Technical Parameters. If you need a car with smooth gear shifting, then take a CVT; if this is not important to you, but you want there to be no clutch pedal, then both transmission versions are suitable.
• Service life of the gearbox. Of course, the CVT version will work much longer if it is properly maintained, unlike an automatic transmission.
• Carrying out repairs. The CVT transmission is not yet as common as an automatic transmission, so not every car workshop can repair it, unlike an automatic transmission, which can be done for you in any workshop.
• Operating mode. Modern gearshift transmissions have different speed modes. There are three modes: economical, comfortable and sporty. In the first of them, the system automatically selects the best operating mode of the motor, trying to switch to high speed at the first opportunity. The sporty mode, compared to the economical mode, switches the motor to a lower speed, thereby ensuring that the motor has a power reserve. Comfort mode guarantees the smoothest switching operation.
• Gear shift method. In new modern models The automatic transmission has a manual gear shift option. This is a convenient feature for drivers who want to keep the car under constant control and change gears themselves. This type is usually used on those brands of cars that do not have a manual transmission from the very beginning.

It is impossible to unambiguously determine which transmission is optimal; each person chooses for himself what suits him. If you yourself cannot figure out which type of mechanism you should choose based on reliability and other factors, then it is better to turn to professionals. There are technicians at various service stations who can help you in this matter. They are well versed in all the disadvantages and advantages of different types of transmissions.

We are all familiar with the good old mechanical boxes Manual transmissions, which many of us still successfully use in our cars. With the advent of automatic transmissions, drivers were divided into two “camps”, those who believed and switched to automatic transmissions, and those who remained faithful to the good old “mechanics”.

However, progress does not stand still, and within a few years automatic transmissions began to displace new generation transmissions, the so-called continuously variable transmissions or, more simply put, CVTs. Already confused car owners began to rack their brains even more when buying a new car, and according to statistics from the largest search engine on the “Runet”, about 5,000 people search for the question per month. Given the relevance of the issue, I decided to look into this issue a little and help those who are confused or don’t know What's the difference between a CVT and an automatic?

A variator, variator, CVT (continuously variable transmission) is a continuously variable transmission or, more simply put, a device that smoothly transmits torque from the engine to the wheels. The variator is located between the power unit and the wheels; its feature is the ability to smoothly and quickly change the rotation speed of the drive driven disk. CVTs are very popular in the motorcycle industry, and may be a revelation to many, but most scooters, ATVs and jet skis almost always have a CVT transmission. Contrary to the general misconception that a variator is the “know-how” of the 21st century, I will say that this device is by no means new! Already in the middle of the last century, continuously variable transmissions were installed on cars and attempts were made to replace their standard mechanical counterparts, but history decided differently and the variator achieved real success and popularity only a few years ago.

If we talk about the advantages variator, then one cannot help but note the smoother acceleration compared to automatic transmission. Accelerating a car with a CVT transmission is reminiscent of picking up speed on an electric train or trolleybus, but perhaps this is not the most best comparison, but personally I had exactly the same sensations :) What is typical is that the acceleration is rapid and without jerks or dips, all that changes is the noise level under the hood, the more the variator accelerates, the more noise it makes. If, for example, two cars start from a standstill, one will have an automatic transmission under the hood, and the other will have a CVT, then most likely car with CVT will take the lead already at the start, because he will not need to waste time changing gears, without which an automatic or manual transmission simply will not be able to develop speed.

"Slot machines" are well suited for beginners; only CVTs can be better for beginners. They are less demanding on the skills of the one who is sitting behind the wheel and will forgive even the stupidest mistakes of their owner. At a traffic light, the CVT will not stall, and on an uphill you do not need to be afraid that the car will roll back and will ruin someone’s brand new Lexus; when starting, phrases like “You didn’t pass…” or “You don’t know how to start!” are not relevant at all. You will always move smoothly and gently, like a real pro with many years of experience. Having only two pedals. , makes the risk of “confusing the pedals” minimal, although the same can be said about cars with automatic transmissions.

Many opponents of the CVT believe that one of the significant disadvantages of this transmission is the “buzzing”, which is constantly present regardless of the speed of movement. “Gourmets,” those who value not only the appearance of a car, but also the sound of the engine and exhaust, complain about cars with CVTs, accusing them of being unnatural and lacking “character.” CVT cars, as a rule, do not have a pronounced “roar”; they work quietly and calmly, almost like golf carts :) Therefore, if this point is important to you, I recommend paying attention to cars with automatic transmission, and even better with a manual transmission, which have several hundred horses under the hood and an expensive exhaust system installed that can “growl” if necessary. Personally, after the first test drive in a car with a CVT, I had the feeling that the engine was not working and the car was simply being towed by someone quickly. Here, as they say, “it’s not for everybody”, if you don’t like quiet and calm ride A variator will not suit you, it is better to pay attention to a charged “mechanics”.

Such feature of CVT transmission is explained by the design features of this box. The fact is that the “smart” electronics are configured in such a way as to prevent the engine from roaring and not allow it to work at its peak at maximum speed. Electronics understands your desire to accelerate and optimizes the operation of the engine and transmission in a timely manner, so when you press on the gas pedal, you will accelerate, rather than sitting in one gear and emitting a wild roar. For those who cannot imagine their life without “mechanics”, CVTs have a “tiptronic” function, which creates the effect of shifting gears like on a manual transmission. Fans of power and high speeds will love the “kick-down” function, in which a sharp press of the gas pedal will lead to furious acceleration.

Let's sum it up...

A car with a CVT has a lot of advantages that automatic and manual transmissions lack, namely:

1. Fast acceleration.
2. Gentle operating mode, which can increase the service life of the engine, as well as other components and assemblies.
3. CVTs are more environmentally friendly. The level of harmful CO2 emission contained in the vehicle exhaust.
4. Low noise level, almost two times quieter compared to cars with conventional boxes installed.

Among the disadvantages of this seemingly flawless device are:

1. High cost of repairs, and There is an acute shortage of “specialists” ready to carry out such repairs.
2. CVT transmissions are most often installed on small cars with weak engines.
3. Servicing a CVT is much more expensive compared to an automatic transmission; a manual transmission is out of the question. It is poured into the variator special liquid, which is more expensive than regular “box oil” and requires regular level monitoring. In addition, the fluid or oil for the variator must be of a strictly specified type and brand, so there is a possibility that if necessary, you will have to look for a long time to replace it.
4. There are contraindications for towing cars with a CVT, as well as for towing another car or vehicle with a CVT.
5. The variator is dependent on other systems and sensors, for example: speed sensor, pressure sensor, ABS sensor etc. If any of the above fails, you may have problems that will lead to a number of breakdowns and malfunctions.

Most automotive experts do not hide that the future lies with “robots” and “variators,” since it is these that automakers regularly work on, constantly improving and modifying them. The CVT can be called the successor and heir of all “automatic machines”. As for “mechanics”, in my opinion it will always be there, because powerful supercars and automatic transmissions are not entirely compatible. And besides, automatic transmissions or CVTs have not taken root in sports and never will.

In conclusion, a few practical advice for owners of cars with a CVT transmission. To avoid repairs to the stepless gearbox, you must follow simple operating rules:

1. Avoid overloading and do not load the machine beyond the permissible limit.
2. Regularly monitor the level and condition of the oil in the variator.
3. Don’t start from a standstill, this is not the kind of box with which such tricks go without a trace, if you want to “show off” and “blow the tires” - buy yourself a sports car.
4. Monitor the condition and performance of the sensors.
5. If you notice any strange sounds or things happening with the variator, without unnecessary delay, contact a service center or service station with a qualified specialist, and not with some familiar “Uncle Vasya”. And I certainly don’t recommend repairing the variator yourself; I give you 99% that you won’t be able to fix it; moreover, you will most likely worsen the damage.

That's all for me! Your suggestions and thoughts on the topic, What better variator or automatic you can put it in the form of comments. I will be glad to see your additions and sensible comments. Thank you for your attention.

Automatic gearbox comes in three types: robotic gearbox, classic automatic and variator. When purchasing a car, you should know about the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Robotic ones are still rare, so let’s look at the two remaining types. What is better - automatic or variator, which gearbox should you prefer? Let's figure it out.

What is an automatic transmission in a car?

An automatic gearbox (automatic transmission) was invented to make life easier for the driver. He has two pedals at his disposal - “gas” and “brake”, as well as a selector handle, by switching which the car owner selects the operating mode of the automatic transmission. The automatic transmission independently changes gears and ensures movement.

Automatic transmission design

The standard automatic transmission is a torque converter. It was invented at the beginning of the last century. A modern classic slot machine consists of

What is a variator

The second most popular gearbox is a CVT gearbox. The modern name of the variator is CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), with English language translates as “continuously variable torque transmission.” Leonardo da Vinci invented the principle of continuously variable torque transmission. The first simple variator was used in mills, and later used in the construction of machines for processing metal and wood.

CVT began to be installed on cars in the middle of the last century. Hubert van Doorn, an engineer originally from Holland, came up with this idea. The first automobile continuously variable transmission was called Variomatic and was installed on DAF cars in the 50s of the 19th century.

Mechanism design

Structurally, a continuously variable gearbox consists of two cones that move relative to each other and are directed towards each other. They are connected by a belt or chain. When the cones move, it changes gear ratio. Modern CVTs are more complex, but the principle of operation is exactly the same.

In the photo there is a Toyota Rav 4 variator

Which is better: “automatic” or “variator”

Due to different design features The behavior of a car with an automatic transmission and a CVT is different. A car with a CVT does not have a “dip” in traction during acceleration. Speed ​​and power increases or decreases gradually.

The automatic transmission spends some time switching gears, so there are periods when torque is not transmitted to the wheels, so when accelerating the car with automatic transmission"twitches" Engineers are constantly trying to reduce the switching time between stages. In modern automatic machines, it is almost impossible to notice the loss of traction. The twitching only appears during aggressive, high-speed driving.

A little about savings and reliability

Which one is more profitable and reliable? Let's compare some basic indicators:

1. Fuel consumption: a car with an automatic transmission is 10–15% more thirsty.
2. The CVT design is lighter and takes up less space in the car body. Because of this, the interior of such a car can be more spacious and comfortable.
3. Transmission fluid: the CVT requires more frequent replacement oil, and the cost of CVT fluid is higher.
4. Repair: an automatic transmission is cheaper to operate and repair. Structurally, the variator is much more complex, so its repair can significantly hit the car owner’s pocket.
5. Reliability: the variator does not withstand heavy loads, it is more “delicate”. Its belt drive will quickly fail when towing, off-road driving, or sports driving. “Automatic” is more reliable when used in difficult conditions.

How to choose on popular car models

Despite the obvious advantages and disadvantages of both options, you need to choose the right one taking into account the brand. Each car has its own problems and weak points, so I have covered the most popular selection questions below.

CVT for Nissan Qashqai

Since 2014, Nissan Qashqai began to be equipped with CVT

Since 2014, this model has been equipped with CVTs from Japanese manufacturer Jatco (Jatko). The stated warranty period is 120 thousand km. According to owner reviews, the actual service life is from 130 to 200 thousand km.

The variator on the Nissan Qashqai is not able to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, such a car should not be used to tow, pull a trailer, or even drive off-road. The service life of the variator is reduced by 1.5–2 times. This is a regular city car, not an SUV.

When operating a Nissan Qashqai with a CVT, you should not forget about replacement transmission fluid and the filter element inside every 60–70 thousand km, and the outer cartridge should be changed every 30–40 thousand.

Most frequent breakdown Nissan CVT transmission - failure of the microswitch - “limit switch” on the handle, as a result, it is impossible to switch from the “Parking” position. Repair is inexpensive and replacement is quick.

CVT in Subaru XV

Subaru XV was restyled

The Subaru XV is available with a CVT and manual transmission. The continuously variable transmission is called Subaru Lineartronic CVT. The engineers of the Japanese concern long ago abandoned the installation of an automatic transmission on this model due to its high cost and cumbersomeness.

The Lineartronic CVT allows you to effectively use the traction capabilities of the power unit and save fuel. It provides a smooth ride and high riding comfort. Lineartronic is highly sensitive and responds cheerfully to changes in the position of the accelerator pedal and engine speed. Another advantage is its compactness: as a result, there is more space in the cabin.

The CVT in the Subaru XV is a reliable unit, and it is difficult to find negative reviews from owners about its operation. One of the problems that you should pay attention to is unstable engine operation during sudden braking. If the car stalls when you sharply press the brake pedal, then it is necessary to replace the transmission fluid in the variator as quickly as possible.

If not done in a timely manner, repairing the box will cost much more!

According to the manufacturer, when operating a vehicle in difficult conditions, the gearbox oil should be changed every 30–40 thousand km. Conditions on our roads can easily be considered difficult, so to extend the life of the variator and the car as a whole, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Renault Captur: automatic or CVT, which is better?

One of popular colors Renault Captur in 2018 - orange "Arizona"

The French car manufacturer offers its fans configurations with manual, automatic and CVT. The automatic transmission is 2-liter, CVTs are installed on the Renault Captur 1.6 liter. Four-wheel drive Comes only with manual or automatic.

The variator is produced by Jatco; unification was carried out for Renault. Engineers have introduced personal settings into the operating algorithm of the continuously variable transmission.

The automatic transmission is installed in the penultimate generation, new version the unit simply won’t fit into the body, and the cost of the new generation automatic transmission is high. The manufacturer wants their car to be more affordable in terms of price, so do not rush to install a new automatic transmission.

If you make a choice: automatic or CVT, then the main criteria may be the cost of maintenance, efficiency and operating conditions. For quiet city driving, a CVT is suitable, for lovers of sports driving and off-road driving. the best solution Will it be manual or automatic?

How to choose a gearbox for Toyota Rav 4

Automatic is more often chosen on Toyota RAV 4

Toyota RAV4 lovers living in the metropolis prefer automatic transmissions. They are more reliable and cheaper to repair, but have several disadvantages: fuel consumption is 10–15% higher, configurations with automatic transmission are more expensive, and cars with it are less dynamic.

The variator in the Toyota Rav 4 maintains optimal engine speed, which saves fuel and allows for stable dynamics during acceleration. The movement of the car is smooth and comfortable. The service life of the continuously variable transmission, as stated by the manufacturer, is up to 100 thousand km. The automatic will last up to 150 thousand km without problems.

When choosing between a CVT and an automatic, you should decide what is more important for the owner: efficiency or reliability. The second most important criterion is driving style. For quiet movement around the city, a CVT is more suitable.

Useful video about gearbox types

Summing up

Automatic transmissions, including CVTs, make the life of a car enthusiast much easier. Driving a vehicle is not particularly difficult. The automatic transmission and CVT help keep the car under control in any conditions. Each option has its pros and cons.

Comparison table

So, if you plan to drive only on city roads and not drag a trailer behind your car, then a car with a CVT will be optimal for you. At correct operation, replacing the fluid in the box and the filter on time = it will last a long time. For lovers of sports driving more suitable options: automatic or manual.

Leave your impressions of driving cars with different types gearboxes. This will be useful to other readers and will help them decide on the type of gearbox.