TSI engine: what is it? TSI engine - what is it? On the TSI engine, what do the letters cxs mean?

For most people, the answer to the question of what a TSI engine is is purely speculative. Still, people buy a car in order to drive it, preferably in comfort, and not with the goal of thoughtfully examining the car’s insides and thinking about the principles of operation. However, on the other hand, it is worth asking about this question, at least in order to know what you are paying money for when purchasing, what troubles you can expect from it, and what bonuses are attached to it.

Moreover, this type of engine is one of the most successful technical solutions proposed by Volkswagen. And the Germans, it must be admitted, did not offer anything bad in the automotive industry to the general public (they probably had unsuccessful ideas, but they remained a purely family matter, not brought to public view).

How does this work?

Idle - up to 1000 rpm. There is no boost at all. The supercharger-mechanics is turned off, the damper that regulates and controls the process is open. Due to the fact that the gas exhaust is small (and its energy, accordingly, too), the turbocharger does not come into play.

The revolutions exceed 1000, but have not yet reached 2400. The damper closes and the mechanical supercharger starts working, creating a boost pressure of 0.17 MPa. The turbo is involved in this only to create minor additional air compression.

Between 2400 and 3500 rpm The turbocharger operates primarily. The pressure rises to 0.25 MPa. The mechanical supercharger mostly sleeps, joining the turbo only when increased power is required. For example, during sudden acceleration.

After accelerating the engine above 3500 rpm, the mechanics are completely turned off, and the supercharger does not participate in the operation of the engine. The control valve remains in the open position. In this case, the boost pressure drops slightly to , and in this operating mode is 0.18 MPa at a rotation speed of 5500 rpm.

We also note the enhanced cooling system in 2 circuits: one is responsible for the temperature in the cylinder block, the other maintains it within normal limits on the head. To prevent the latter from overheating, an additional electrically driven water pump is equipped, which circulates water through a separate circuit for another 15 minutes after the engine is turned off.

Thanks to all these tricks, there is a noticeable fuel economy, a reduction in harmful emissions and a significant increase in engine life.

What can you complain about?

The advantages of the TSI engine are somewhat overshadowed by some disadvantages. Firstly, it requires exclusively high-quality consumables, and primarily gasoline, which, as you know, is not cheap. It is recommended not to neglect the required regular maintenance. services.

Secondly, winter problems: the engine is not able to warm up at idle. Get operating temperature already on the move, in motion. People who use the car mainly on the “home - work” route will have to get used to some coolness in the cabin with good disadvantages outside: the stove will simply run cold air from the engine. In this case, there will be no problems with starting the car; you can start driving almost immediately after turning on the ignition.

However, the unit will probably not cause any other troubles or difficulties. We can say that power and reliability are what the TSI engine from Volkswagen is.

Many of you, dear readers (who are interested in German cars), sometimes when choosing, for example, Volkswagen or its subsidiary Skoda, they come across such a question. What is a TSI engine? After all, these brands have ordinary units and some with an incomprehensible abbreviation - TSI. I also asked myself the same question and found this information...

Everyone has heard about the ordinary ones (Volkswagen and Skoda), as well as (AUDI), but TSI engines are for Russian consumer remain a mystery. What kind of motor is this? There are many sayings, especially in a drunken company, there is always a kind of expert (who knows everything and has heard everything). I myself once sinfully thought that this was a diesel option. I thought so because with a smaller volume it produces more power than, for example, a simple turbocharged unit. But no, this is not a diesel engine.

The brightest representative of the class is the 1.4-liter version from Volkswagen. It has received so many awards and critical acclaim, it’s simply an ideal among turbines!

Definition

TSI engines - These are gasoline units with double turbocharging (which also contain mechanical compressors) and a system of direct “layered” fuel injection. The structure is much more complex than a conventional turbocharged engine, but it is worth noting that reliability, power and efficiency are very high level. It is practically free of flaws.

If you look at the abbreviation, there are several definitions. One from 2000 (that's when it was developed) - Twincharger Stratified Injection — translation (double supercharging stratified injection), but later around 2008 another translation appears Turbo Stratified Injection — (turbocharging layered injection), that is, the “double” value is removed, it was during these years that the production of power units with a single supercharger began

Line of motors

You know, I have witnessed many times that many people argued - but the 1.4 liter engine, how many horses does it have? One says 122, another 140, the third even 170!!! How is this possible? And everything is simple: this 1.4-liter unit became a large testing ground for the company, and it was from this that all other variations from 1.0 to 3.0 grew. And indeed it is 1.4 that now has a lot of variations, if I’m not mistaken about 5 - 6.

Using his example (1.4), I will tell you how the Germans do it:

• One turbine. Variations 122 and 140 hp. — differences in turbocharger power and firmware
• Turbine and compressor. Variations 150 - 160 - 170 hp. - here either the power or the turbocharger changes, and of course the software (which is sewn into)

This is the situation in almost the entire line, with the exception of the 1.0 TSI engine; it was initially developed only with a turbocharger - it is installed on small cars such as the Volkswagen UP, or on hybrid versions. I have prepared a small sign for you, look

All power units are shown here as stock, that is, the official software is loaded; if you change the configuration or firmware, you can squeeze out much more power.

Device

I won’t go too deep into the structure, but I’ll try to touch on important elements and differences. First, look at the main blocks, here is a small diagram.

The unit has been significantly redesigned, especially worth noting - two superchargers, new system cooling, fuel injection, lightweight engine block. Now, in order.

1) Mechanical compressor and turbocharger, main differences

The device is such that they are located on opposite sides of the block. An ordinary compressor uses energy exhaust gases(located on one side). The exhaust gases themselves spin the turbine wheel, then through special drives, compressed air is created into the engine cylinders (I wrote about a simple turbocharged version). The operating principle of the old type of engine is more efficient than a simple gasoline engine, but not as efficient as a TSI. A simple turbocharged unit is ineffective at idle and low revs, the so-called “ ” effect appears (when full power appears only from 3000 rpm and above), that is, you always need to accelerate.

The same cannot be said about TSI. The only difference is that it also contains a mechanical compressor (on the other hand), which operates at low speeds. In this way, compressed air is always injected (through special devices). Thanks to this mechanical compressor, the power does not drop, even from the bottom there is excellent traction, the “turbo pit” effect is defeated!

Excellent symbiosis of work: a mechanical supercharger at the “bottom” and a regular classic TURBO “at the top”, no power failures!

There are also improvements here. The concept of “liquid cooling” appears (conventional turbo variants are cooled only by air). The cooling system has pipes that pass through. Due to which the main air is pumped into the cylinders, the pressure indicator is higher. The result is uniform filling of the combustion chamber with the fuel mixture and increased dynamics. Already at 1000 - 1500 rpm we get the declared 210 Nm. Here is a small diagram of the cooling system, you can see the location of the pipes.

3) Fuel injection

A very interesting system. Firstly, the fuel is supplied directly to the engine cylinders (bypassing the fuel rail), and secondly, mixing with air occurs “layer by layer”, thereby achieving combustion with high efficiency. These two factors allow you to slightly increase power and reduce fuel consumption. Here is a diagram of the main elements of the fuel system.

4) Lightweight block

It should be noted that engineers struggled to reduce the weight of the unit unit. And you know, we managed to remove about 14 kilograms - a significant figure. Used new design placement of the block itself and the head, new camshafts and plastic cover.

TSI have proven themselves to be very productive engines - with a relatively small volume you can achieve very high performance in " horsepower" So the usual turbocharged type from Volkswagen, with a volume of 1.2 liters, has a power of approximately 90 hp, TSI can produce about 102 hp with the same volume.

Second generation EA211 and EA888 GEN.3

Since 2013, the line of TSI engines has been updated; many components that were previously considered fragile have been redesigned. So the main “Achilles heel” was the timing chain.

It didn’t run for long, especially in variations 1.2 - 1.4, it simply stretched and tore during a run of 50 - 70,000 km (from high load and high torque). Now they have removed it and installed a timing belt, they don’t last much longer, but it is easier to change and easier to replace, the difference in operation is about three times. In 1.8-2.0, the chain mechanism was significantly strengthened, the strength doubled.

The engine heating system was also redesigned; the predecessor (EA111 and EA888 GEN.2) took a very long time to warm up. Now the problem is almost solved. Improvements have also been made to turbines. However, the “oil guzzler” remains; oil consumption can reach up to 5 liters per 10,000 km, so it is important to monitor the level.

Surely everyone who has thought about buying German Skoda cars or Volkswagen, thoughtfully looked at the abbreviation of the TSI engine type, thinking about what is special about this power unit. In the vastness of Russia there are still many misconceptions about this. Some believe that this type of engine runs on diesel fuel, since with a smaller specific volume, it produces a much greater power value in comparison, for example, with a simple turbocharged engine. But in reality everything is different. The TSI engine is far from a diesel.

How does a TSI and FSI engine work?

FSI.

In order to better understand how a TSI engine works, let's take an example of the operation of its “brother”, the FSI engine. The abbreviation FSI (Fuel Stratified Injection) denotes engines developed by German specialists with so-called “stratified” fuel injection. in this engine it is designed similarly to diesel units:

The fuel pump pumps gasoline under high pressure into a fuel rail common to all cylinders. System driven solenoid valves fuel injection is carried out using injectors, by the way, if you want to wash the injectors, then you here. Each of the injectors opens after a command is given by the central control unit. The operating phase depends on both engine speed and load.

FSI engine video

Advantages of the FSI engine.

The advantage of such an engine is that due to strict dosing of fuel injection into the combustion chamber, savings of up to 15% are achieved in comparison with gasoline engines equipped with a classic injection system. In addition, more uniform traction at low and medium speeds is ensured by changing the camshaft phases.

TSI.

Unlike the FSI engine, the TSI engine is petrol power unit with double turbocharging system. The abbreviation TSI (Turbo Stratified Injection) can be translated here as an engine with stratified fuel injection and turbocharging.

This engine inherited the fuel injection system from the FSI engine and received additional system mechanical compression. Naturally, the design of such an engine is much more complex. However, this disadvantage is fully compensated by its greater reliability, power and efficiency.

TSI engine video

The layout of the TSI engine is different in that the turbocharger and mechanical compression system are located on opposite sides of the engine. A traditional turbocharged engine obtains additional power by using the energy of exhaust gases, which spin the turbine wheel through a drive system, creating compression and air injection. Compared to classic gasoline engine, such a system is more efficient, but the efficiency of the TSI engine with stratified injection and turbocharging is much more efficient.

Advantages of the TSI engine.

The big disadvantage of a simple turbocharged engine is that it is poorly efficient at low and idle speed. Unlike him TSI motor has a mechanical compressor operating at low speeds and a turbocharger that provides an increase in power by high speed. Thus, additional compression and injection of air into the engine system occurs over almost the entire operating speed range. It is this factor that contributes to a multiple increase in power with reduced fuel consumption, which is provided by a metered, stratified injection system and a double injection system.

All of the above factors lead to the fact that the TSI engine, developed by the German “aces” of Volkswagen, reaches impressive power values. Thus, in comparison with a classic turbocharged engine of the same manufacturer, with a nominal engine volume of 1.2 liters, the TSI engine shows an average result of 12 hp. better (90 hp for the turbo engine vs. 102 hp for the TSI engine). In addition, the dual compression system results in no power loss and excellent traction, both at low and high engine speeds.

Naturally, the complexity of the engine design could not but affect its price. But the slight increase in price is fully compensated by the reduced level of consumption and increased power.

Not everyone knows what TSI is and what this abbreviation stands for. We will talk about this today.

What is it - TSI

The TSI engine is a gasoline-powered unit characterized by the presence of a “double turbocharging” system. The translation of the TSI abbreviation is as follows - an engine with turbocharging and stratified fuel injection.

A distinctive feature of the TSI design is the placement of a turbocharger on one side and a system responsible for mechanical compression on the other. Using energy from exhaust gases allows you to increase the power of a conventional turbo engine. This is possible due to the fact that the exhaust gases start the turbine wheel and intensively pump and compress air thanks to the drive system. Such a system shows greater efficiency than traditional ones.

What's improved in TSI engines

Recognition of experts and consumers, as confirmed by numerous awards. For three years (from 2006 to 2008), this system won the “Engine of the Year” award at the “Engine of the year” competition.

Using the minimization concept, the essence of which is that a smaller engine with low gasoline consumption produces highest power. Reducing the working volume made it possible to increase efficiency while reducing friction losses. The small volume makes the engine and the car as a whole lighter. Such technological solutions have become an integral part of TSI.

Video demonstrating the operating principle of the TSI engine:

Combining drive and efficiency. The initial goal of the developers was to create economical engines high power and with reduced CO 2 emissions.

Large rpm range. TSI systems are configured so that when the crankshaft rotates at a frequency ranging from one and a half thousand to 1,750 revolutions per minute, then the torque remains the highest, which has a good effect on how much gasoline is saved when operating the car, and on the power of the car. As a result, the driver receives maximum power over a wide rpm range. TSI engines are perfectly combined with transmissions that have gear ratios, which are much larger, which has a positive effect on.

Optimization of mixture formation, which was achieved due to the specially developed design of the high-pressure nozzle with 6 holes. The injection system is configured in such a way that it provides greater efficiency in the combustion process of gasoline.

Intercooling provides greater dynamics. Another distinctive feature of the unit is the presence of a fluid intercooler, which has a system in which it circulates independently. This cooling allows you to reduce the volume of air that is pumped, due to which the boost pressure increases faster. As a result, due to small delays in the turbo effect and the level of optimal filling of the combustion chamber, an increase in dynamics is achieved. The TSI, with a stated power of 90 kW without an auxiliary compressor, has no turbo lag. Already upon reaching 1500 rpm, you can get the highest torque data of 200 Nm.

Boost in TSI

Turbocharging and fuel injection . The TSI system uses a special technology that makes it possible to obtain the highest level of torque and the most power for a car, despite the fact that the engine has a fairly small displacement: fuel injection along with turbocharging or combined supercharging using a turbocharger and compressor. In this design, fuel combustion occurs with greater efficiency, due to which the TSI's power output exceeds that of traditional naturally-aspirated engines.

A turbocharger combined with a compressor gives a good effect. The use of another compressor made it possible to smooth out the effect of turbo lag, which occurs due to the turbocharger creating a sufficiently high boost pressure when the rev range is higher.

Boost pressure indicators. The Roots mechanical compressor is driven by a belt drive from the crankshaft. In this case, the level of force with which the boost occurs begins at the lowest range in which the revolutions occur. This approach provides high traction characteristics and torque indicators over a large rev range.

Double supercharging, which is used in engines of this type, an effective injection system along with the highest rates pressure with which fuel is injected and the use of six-jet injectors allow TSI engines to achieve savings in gasoline consumption. Today, cars created by Volkswagen are from the series Golf plus, model range Golf and Jetta, Touran and new models already have a turbocharged engine.

Revolutionary innovative technology

Today, Volkswagen is the only manufacturer that serially installs engines of this type, equipped with double supercharging in combination with staged injection, in cars of its own production. The placement of the compressor and turbocharger makes the pressure force with which the boost occurs greater. That is, an engine with a displacement of 1.4 liters is capable of developing up to 125 kW (or 170 hp), which is a record in the automotive industry among four-cylinder engines.

Gasoline savings due to reduced weight. The new TSI engine models, thanks to a number of improvements, weigh 14 kg less compared to engines of the same type equipped with a twin-charging system. Innovations include: design optimization of the cylinder head and lighter weight of its cover, weight reduction of all camshafts by 304 grams.

Video about internal combustion engine operation turbocharged:

It is logical that the complexity of the design and engine improvements also influenced. However, the slight increase in price is fully compensated by the increased power and reduced fuel consumption.