Skoda rapid update. Photos, prices and characteristics of the new Skoda Rapid. Prices and options

The Skoda brand, which belongs to the famous German company Volkswagen, will delight its fans with the release of a new model. It is expected that the Skoda Rapid 2017 will be presented in a new body, photos, prices are presented on our website . You can get to know it better at the Geneva Motor Show. However, very soon the model will go on sale, so buyers will be able to see it in car dealerships. According to the producers, this will be possible in May. There have been quite a few changes in the design of the model, and they have also affected other areas that should be considered in more detail, especially if someone is planning to purchase this car and is considering it as an option.

Photos of the new item

Updates in the design of the new Skoda Rapid 2017 model, photo, price

Photo of the new one Skoda Rapid 2017 presents to everyone who wants to see the main new product - the solution Black Edition. This design option will become a unique representative of the new style, which is expressed through the original black inserts in the design of the entire car. The roof and some other external parts will also be painted black. In addition, there are other changes in appearance that are worth paying attention to:

  • Manufacturers decided to introduce elements of sportiness into the design. Although the model itself is not a sports model, nevertheless, many owners love this design style, believing that it emphasizes individuality. Surely, such buyers will be delighted and will be able to appreciate the sporty contours and appearance of the seats, decorative trims on the handles, console and other elements present in the cabin. All this makes the car more modern and dynamic, in line with the spirit of the times.
  • Expanded also common list available color solutions. In addition to the well-known colors that are familiar and familiar to everyone, two additional ones will appear - yellow and orange. The latter is a fairly bright and cheerful color, so cars with this color will definitely decorate the roads with their appearance. As for yellow cars, the manufacturers said that they were targeting taxi fleet owners who quite often purchase products of this brand. However, no one will forbid private buyers from purchasing a yellow car for themselves if they have such a desire.
  • The front of the car has become more modern, new version There is a fairly large windshield, which looks good, and most importantly, gives an optimal overview of what is happening on the road. The hood is sloping, with stampings, and the radiator grille is shaped like a trapezoid.
  • The changes also affected the optical part of the car’s equipment. The devices have acquired a rectangular shape, which has one beveled corner that rests on the radiator grille. The front bumper is a neat design that protrudes slightly forward and has a clear contour edge.
  • At the bottom there is a fairly wide compartment for the air intake, and fog lights are also located nearby. They are shaped like an inverted trapezoid. In the photo, the updated Skoda Rapid 2017 looks quite elegant and neat, giving the car a solid look.
  • Video Skoda review Rapid 2017 allows you to notice that in motion the car looks very dynamic, thanks to its streamlined contours. The side mirrors also have a slightly elongated shape.

Skoda Rapid 2017: configurations and prices

Let's talk about the configuration and prices of the Skoda Rapid 2017 in the new body. The available configuration options are of great interest. Manufacturers have significantly expanded the list of what will be included in the basic assembly, and this fact will undoubtedly please buyers who want to purchase decent car from the budget category.

Various extended configurations will include an on-board computer, headlights and fog lamps, as well as support wireless communication bluetooth. You will be able to see a stylish steering wheel trimmed with genuine leather, the opportunity remote control mobile phone and other interesting multimedia features. A navigator window will also appear on the dashboard, which will help you not get lost during trips and travels. Electronic filling can also be controlled from a smartphone using a special application designed for this. It will be available for all types operating systems.

It is worth noting that the manufacturer produces special equipment for Skoda Rapid 2017 for Russia, which will be slightly different from the cars for sale in Europe. The machines will have increased ground clearance, reinforced suspension, as well as other functions that make it possible to travel on roads that are not the most best quality. Engineers also built in a heating function windshield, which will be very useful in frosty weather, but this feature is only available as an additional option.

The Skoda Rapid 2017 is available in three trim levels:

  • Entry. This is the basic package. This package includes cars with a 1.2 liter 3-cylinder engine. 75hp the car accelerates to 100 km/h in 14 seconds. while consuming 6-8 liters. fuel. This engine works in conjunction with a 5-speed manual transmission. This package includes front door power windows, adjustable steering wheel and driver's seat, metal wheels, ABS system And central locking.
  • Ambition. Cars of this configuration are equipped with a 4-cylinder engine with a volume of 1.6 liters. and power 110 hp. Such an engine is capable of accelerating the car to 100 km/h. in 10.3 s. and 11.6 s. depending on the type of gearbox, which can be AT or MT. Maximum speed which the car can reach reaches 195 km/h. At the same time, it burns fuel from 7.9 liters. and 8.2l. depending on the box. This package includes the same set of features as the Entry.
  • Style. This package has the widest range of functions. The main advantage is the 1.4 liter turbocharged engine. and power 125 hp. It has two types of boxes: MT and AT. Also available with a 1.6 liter engine. and power 110 hp. This engine is capable of accelerating a car to 100 km/h in 7.0 -8.2 s. depending on the gearbox. Develops speed up to 208 km/h. This package includes cruise control, leather armrests and shifter, fog lights and heated windows and seats.

A test drive of the Skoda Rapid 2017 shows that the simplest, basic version includes the following features::

  • Protection designed for the engine crankcase.
  • Stability system.
  • Airbag installed in the driver's seat.
  • Central locking.
  • The front seats are equipped with a heating system, which will please you during severe frosts.
  • The front windows are equipped with electric window lifts.
  • The steering column can be adjusted in height, creating a comfortable position for a comfortable ride.

Photos of the salon

Other additions will already apply to the extended version of the new Skoda Rapid 2017, so they can be ordered separately.

Comparison of complete sets (summary table)

Active/EntryAmbitionStyle
Exterior mirrors black
Exterior mirrors in body color
Bumpers in body color
Thermal glazing
Suspension for bad roads, anti-gravel body protection
Rear spoiler in body color (only for 1.4 TSI)
Chrome grille
LED illumination of the rear license plate (standard from the 4th production week of 2017)
3-spoke steering wheel (for Ambition - with chrome insert)
3-spoke leather steering wheel with radio and telephone controls
Steering column with manual reach and tilt adjustment
Cup holder in the center console
Front center armrest
2 front reading lights + 1 rear reading light
Illuminated glove box, eyeglass case
Cosmetic mirror on the right
Manual driver's seat height adjustment (except Entry)
Pocket in the back of the front seat backs
Storage compartments in rear doors (except Entry)
Storage compartments and bag hooks in the trunk (except Entry)
Folding rear seatback
The rear seat is indivisible, the backrest is divisible and folding
Plastic fasteners for securing cargo in the luggage compartment
Smoking version (except Entry)
Chromed interior parts (chrome package)
Chromed door handles inside
Air ducts with chrome regulator (for Style - also with chrome frame)
Leather lever parking brake, gearshift lever with leather insert
Artificial leather gear lever cuff
Fabric floor mats front and rear
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
Front airbags (for Entry and Active - driver only)
Front side airbags
Driver seat belt indicator
Mount for child seat behind
Disc brakes at the rear (except 1.6 MPI 90 hp)
Front headrests, height adjustable
Number of rear head restraints (for Entry - 2 head restraints) 3 3 3
Electric power steering (speed-sensitive - only for automatic transmission and DSG)
Cruise control
Hill climb assist (DSG only)
On-board computer MFA (except Entry)
Maxi Dot multifunction display
Air conditioner
Climatronic climate control, cooled glove box
External temperature sensor
Heated exterior electric mirrors
Mechanically adjustable exterior mirrors
Mode daylight headlights (can be turned off)
Interior rear view mirror with shielding (for Style - with auto-dimming)
Front and rear electric windows (for Entry and Active - front only)
Heated front seats
Immobilizer, central locking (for Ambition and Style - with 2 folding keys with remote control)
Heated windshield washer nozzles, washer fluid level sensor
Front fog lights (for Style - with Corner function and LEDs)
Two tone beep
Ice scraper
12V socket in trunk (except Entry)
Umbrella under the front passenger seat
System "ERA-GLONASS"
Radio preparation for Aftermarket radio, 4 speakers
Skoda Surround audio package (6 speakers and 2 virtual speakers)
Radio Swing – 2DIN, MP3, USB, Aux-In, SD slot, Apple Chip, Bluetooth
Steel wheels 5J x 14, tires 175/70 R14 (only for 1.6 MPI 90 hp)
Steel wheels 6J x 15, tires 195/55 R15 (except Entry and 1.6 MPI 90 hp Active)
Alloy wheels 6J x 15 Matone, tires 195/55 R15, wheel bolts
Full size steel spare tire, tool kit and jack

Car cost

Prices for the Skoda Rapid 2017 in the basic version promise to be quite affordable. Manufacturers call the amount 574 thousand rubles, but the most expensive equipment will cost 930 thousand. In general, the price threshold for the car is quite consistent with its class, so you won’t have to expect any surprises with the cost. The basic configuration is available to buyers, and those who have a larger purchasing budget can order an extended version, which will delight them with various useful functions.

Skoda Rapid 2017: prices

  • Price for basic equipment Entry is 599,000 rubles.
  • The price for the Ambition package will vary from 830,000 rubles. up to 915,000 rub. depending on engine size and gearbox.
  • The price for the Style package varies from RUB 875,000. up to 960,000 rub. depending on engine size.

Today, the 2017 Skoda Rapid liftback is already available in Russia. The car received a number of new styling and technical solutions, becoming more competitive among other representatives of the affordable B-class. At the same time, the Czech manufacturer, as part of the updated model, has prepared an expanded list of options, new body color options and the most thoughtful exterior.

Appearance

The updated 2017 Rapid is distinguished by a relief hood with three longitudinal ribs. The radiator grille, decorated with a chrome trim, is shaped like a trapezoid with a special recess for the brand emblem. The headlights are made in the form of rectangles with beveled corners.

The bumper is devoid of complex aerodynamic elements, but, according to the manufacturer, this did not in any way affect the streamlined body of the new Skoda Rapid. In its lower part there is a wide air duct, on the sides of which elongated and voluminous fog lights are installed. One cannot fail to note the large windshield with an increased angle of inclination.

The car also received a sloping roof, massive doors and enlarged openings for them. The area of ​​the side glass has also expanded, improving visibility from the driver's seat. The side mirrors have become a little larger, despite their narrow and slightly elongated shape. From behind, the liftback looks good due to the massive glass that goes into the shortened trunk lid.

Interior

The interior of the 5-seater liftback looks laconic and resembles Volkswagen models early 2000s. The center console consists of two levels: on the top there are heater deflectors, on the bottom there is a multimedia system and various switches for controlling air conditioning, climate, heating, etc. Dashboard made in a classic style - two “wells” and a small display in the middle that displays indicators on-board computer and other information about the car.

The three-spoke steering wheel in some trim levels is covered in leather and decorated with decorative elements that look like aluminum. The main interior decoration is fabric and plastic. Of course, not the most expensive materials, but their quality is quite high.

True, the engineers from Skoda did a poor job on sound insulation; the sounds of the engine and noise from the street are clearly audible in the cabin. There is enough space for rear passengers, because there is no transmission tunnel in the middle. Another undoubted advantage of the Skoda Rapid after the 2017 restyling is more comfortable front seats with an anatomical structure and various adjustments.

Engine range and transmission options

For the Russian market, the car is offered with three gasoline engines consuming AI-95 fuel:

  • Most economical engine– 1.6-liter 4-cylinder “aspirated” engine with a power of 90 hp. With. and a torque of 155 Nm. Fuel consumption in the combined cycle is only 6 liters. Works in tandem only with 5-speed manual transmission. Acceleration to the first “hundred” is 11.4 s.
  • The slightly more powerful engine also has a volume of 1.6 liters and produces about 110 hp. With. For a car with this power plant two transmission options can be installed - 5-speed manual or automatic transmission with 6 steps. In city mode, fuel consumption is about 8 liters. Acceleration time to 100 km/h depends on the gearbox: automatic – 11.6 s; mechanics - 10.3 s.
  • The top engine is considered power unit With direct injection and turbocharging. Its power is 125 hp. With. Engine capacity – 1395 cm³. Together with it, only a 7-speed DSG is installed on the car. The maximum speed is 208 km/h, and you can accelerate to hundreds in just 9 seconds. We are also pleased with the consumption, which in the “highway/city” mode fluctuates around 5.5 liters.

➖ Build quality
➖ Oil consumption
➖ Crickets in the cabin
➖ Noise insulation
➖ Ergonomics

pros

Spacious trunk
Spacious salon
➕ Design

The advantages and disadvantages of the Skoda Rapid 2018-2019 in a new body were identified based on reviews real owners. More detailed pros and cons of Skoda Rapid 1.6 90 and 100 hp. with manual and automatic transmission (automatic transmission) can be found in the stories below.

Owner reviews

1. The seat is convex inward, and this is on new car, as a result - a bad back, I bought lumbar support on Ali (inconvenient, but there’s nowhere to go).

2. The location of the cup holder and ashtray under the buttons behind the gearshift lever - why?

3. The location of the cigarette lighter, also known as a socket, sticking vertically upward - why? As a result, on every bump a charger/radar detector or anything else pops up, no matter how you plug it in, and it’s also right under the armrest, and in order to get there...

4. Isofix is ​​hidden in the slots in the upholstery, that is, not between the backrests and the seat, but they cut the upholstery and stuck it there.

5. I am of average height and build (176/77), but why are the pedals so close, and the steering wheel, even if it is adjusted for reach, so far? Why should I sit crouched?

6. The worst tires you can find - Kama... This means increased noise, handling, and of course safety.

7. There is no bluetooth in the radio, the plastic on it is all worn out from the cable that was pulled to the socket. The power to the outlet does not turn off after the ignition key is removed (note that it may not start in the morning). The second part of the belt is very far away, I have difficulty fastening it, my wife is pregnant and asks me to fasten it.

8. The clutch pedal is activated somewhere in the middle, as if the discs have already spent half of their service life (my colleague has the same thing).

9. Air from the central blinds always blows into your face, no matter how you adjust it.

10. Reverse gear is engaged by recessing the lever into the tunnel - a controversial decision, because it is not informative. I prefer the button, like in Solaris.

11. And most importantly - PRICE, people compare not just the price of the car, but also its service.

Victor Ilov, drives a Skoda Rapid 1.6 (110 hp) MT 2016

Video review

The new Rapid had no music with 4 front speakers. For pennies I found native music and 4 rear speakers. Parking sensors? 2,700 rubles and half a day in the garage. Towbar hook - still half a day.

The breakdowns are minor: the thermostat broke down at 800 km. I replaced it myself with the original (RUR 2,000). At 15,000 km the stabilizer lever began to knock and was also replaced. I don’t go for maintenance (never on previous cars either). The oil is Opel GM 5W-40, the same specification as the original Volkswagen oil (which is 2.5 times more expensive) every 10,000 km.

In 2 years I ran 40,000 km. There are no crickets. Handling dynamics are mediocre. I’ve been going and don’t regret it for 2 years now.

The owner drives a Skoda Rapid 1.6 (90 hp) manually produced in 2014.

Strict forms, everything is laconic, without showing off. Impressive light! They seem to be ordinary halogen lamps, but the light output is absolutely fabulous. I concluded that the previous cars were generally driven by a blind person.

The salon in the Skoda Rapid is large, the little ones have a lot of fun, the space allows. This is my first time using a liftback; before, all sedans had them. The trunk is something with something! There is no comparison with the sedan.

The suspension is practically indestructible. During operation, two disks and tires are in tatters, and the suspension is alive. At the last maintenance, the suspension was diagnosed - everything is normal. By the way, the suspension itself is configured in such a way that it is not stiff, but it moves confidently along the highway, without any steering and does not fall over in turns.

Among the shortcomings of the Skoda Rapid, I note poor sound insulation. In winter the windshield crackled. And in general, it seems to me that the windshield is not ice. The cracks did not even come from thorns, but from small stones. The standard digital radio does not have a USB port. It’s better to immediately cover the seats - they get dirty quickly.

Vladimir Novikov, review of Skoda Rapid 1.6 (110 hp) manual 2014

Don't buy this trash))) Or get ready to change the following parts and waste time at the dealer: brake pump vacuum, trunk gas struts, lower speakers, seat upholstery, foam for backrests, heated seats, steering rack, support bearings, master cylinder clutches, stabilizer bushings, air conditioning compressor, dryer, driver's seat back frame, right stabilizer bar, left window regulator, trunk reinstallation (rubber seal), engine mount + right engine mount.

This is not counting creaks, crickets, vibrations and other things) The car really sucks, I regret that I bought it...

On the new Rapid, things break down that I can’t even wrap my head around, I’m shocked. If you think that you will take the mechanics and everything will be fine, then this is not the case - every 20,000 km the clutch master cylinder fails.

Alexey Titov, drives a Skoda Rapid 1.6 (105 hp) automatic transmission 2014.

The car was purchased in July 2017, Style equipment, manual transmission, with the addition of a number of options (bi-xenon headlights, alloy wheels R 16, passenger seat height adjustment and heating rear seats). The price with all discounts is 802,000 rubles. During the first month of operation, the car covered 8 thousand km, traveling from Chelyabinsk to the Moscow region, from there to Crimea and back to Chelyabinsk.

I think the appearance is excellent for this class of car. With a height of 188 cm, I fit comfortably in it (with the seat raised to the maximum, which is surprising), which I cannot do in the Polo Sedan (which is strange).

It’s pleasant to sit in the car, and driving it is also comfortable and pleasant. I switch the manual transmission with 2-3 fingers, a very pleasant thing. Sound insulation is good. The seat upholstery is expensive. Modern lighting devices, head unit, bluetooth, cruise control and climate control work perfectly.

In my opinion, it accelerates very quickly, like all Skodas. At 120 km/h the tachometer shows exactly 3,000 rpm (an excellent result), and fuel consumption does not creep up much. I was initially confused by 90 hp, until I realized that 110 hp. (or, for example, 123 on other cars in this class) are achieved at the red zone of the tachometer. How often do you rev ​​the engine to the red zone? Personally, never. Average consumption on 92 gasoline on the highway from 5.7 to 7 liters per 100 km, in the city the range is wider - from 7.5 to 10.

— The sports seat makes me happy. Very good lateral support, you sit like a glove. Hand on the front armrest, adjusted the steering wheel height and reach, everything is comfortable.

— The side mirrors are small, but visibility is good. Because of the tinting in the rear view mirror it looks like it’s twilight, it’s good that cars are driven with the DRLs or headlights on.

— The music is not bad, the flash drive can be read, the files are organized into folders, the radio reception is good, and the phone works via bluetooth.

— The engine, of course, makes me happy. If you need to accelerate sharply, then put the gas to the floor and the car shoots out. For now, you can note that the gas pedal is a little stiff, and if you press it smoothly, acceleration occurs with a slight delay. I hope it will be developed further.

DSG gearbox It works perfectly, so far I have not noticed any kicks or pokes.

Review of Skoda Rapid 1.4 TSI (125 hp) on DSG robot 2017.

The Skoda Rapid is the most affordable model among the Czech brand. Despite its accessibility, it has been recognized as one of the most safe cars on the market, regardless of price category. The European Committee for Automotive Safety Euro NCAP awarded the Czech model a maximum rating of five stars with the following indicators: driver or adult passenger - 94%, child passenger - 80%, pedestrian - 69%, safety devices - 71%. For comparison, Audi sedan The A4, which costs almost 4 times more, has only a 90% rating in the “driver and adult passenger safety” category.

Thanks to the custom liftback body, this car can continue to boast record capacity figures. In normal condition luggage compartment holds 530 liters of cargo. That's about the size of three large travel suitcases. Fold the second row of seats and you get 1470 liters, which is like eight suitcases! For comparison, in the domestic bestseller LADA Granta this version can accommodate 440 liters of luggage in normal condition and 760 liters with the second row of seats folded. So it turns out that the Czech model is 1.5-2 times more practical than the Russian one!

Czech specialists experiment with the appearance of their clients, remaining true to one rule - family car must be practical, safe and spacious, while remaining attractive. Fans of the brand will appreciate the fidelity to the crystalline design that has become the hallmark of the cars. recent years release. In the updated model become LED available tail lights with bright, energy-efficient bulbs designed to last the life of the vehicle, with a traditional C-shaped horseshoe-shaped light pattern. Thanks to this feature, cars of the Czech brand are easy to recognize even in the dark.

On Russian market an updated one has already appeared Skoda Octavia with a very controversial design - in particular, due to the double front optics, which attracts some, but, on the contrary, repels others and makes them wonder whether the brand's designers are out of their minds. Perhaps the Rapid 2017, released after the new Octavia, will be able to convince Skoda fans that the Czech automaker has not gone crazy, but simply tried to create something special - something that will clearly stand out among its competitors. How “sane” the restyled Rapid turned out to be, compared to its older “brother” Octavia 2017, and read about much more in our review!

Design

Being one of the most popular models in the Russian Federation, the Rapid has no right to be at least somewhat repulsive - apparently, this is exactly what Skoda decided and “spare” the budget liftback, leaving it, unlike the Octavia, with an ordinary-looking rectangular head optics . The Czech bestseller is now offered with optional bi-xenon headlights and LED running lights, framing the signature radiator grille. "Fog lights" new form fit quite harmoniously into the lower part of the modernized front bumper. For visual connection fog lights a narrow chrome strip is used (included in top-end equipment Style, and for the pre-top version Ambition is available for an additional fee), thanks to which the front part of the body appears wider.


The darkened taillights of the Rapid 2017 look interesting due to the C-shaped light pattern and give the model an original and sporty look. In the top version, the rear lights are LED. On the side, the liftback has not undergone virtually any changes and still pleases with its expressive lines and exterior mirrors, which provide good visibility. After all the innovations, the car “freshened up” a little and became even more modern.

Design

The new product is based on the familiar A05+ (PQ25) platform from the Volkswagen Group - the Audi A1, Seat Ibiza and Volkswagen Polo. This design guarantees a “correct” but rather boring ride. Front - MacPherson strut suspension with triangular lower control arms and torsion bar lateral stability, borrowed from Skoda Fabia, and at the rear is a semi-independent torsion beam from the 1st generation Octavia.

Adaptation to Russian conditions

The updated Rapid is thoroughly prepared for driving on our roads. Firstly, it has a rich winter package, which now includes not only heated seats and exterior mirrors, but also an electrically heated windshield. Secondly, each liftback package includes the Era-Glonass emergency call system, which is necessary in emergency situations. And finally, the car boasts high ground clearance and good sound insulation - on the highway, of course, it will be a little noisy, but for urban conditions the “noise” is excellent.

Comfort

The interior of a Czech car has enough space for 4-5 adults. The knees of the rear passengers do not rest against the backs of the front seats, and there is not much free space above the head, but it is quite enough. The spacious rear sofa is equipped with a folding backrest, and the first-row seats are manually height-adjustable. The driver's seat can be easily adjusted to suit you thanks to the steering column with manual adjustment for reach and tilt. The parking brake lever and gearbox, as well as the three-spoke steering wheel of the Rapid 2017 in the most expensive configuration are trimmed in leather. Steering wheel with radio and telephone control buttons (again in the “top”) and decorated with the Skoda logo with a glossy edging. On the inside of the doors there are chrome handles and new decorative inserts. In addition, the design of the climate control control unit, “tidy” and ventilation deflectors located on the center console above the media system screen and on the sides of the front panel has changed.


The instrument cluster is readable and understandable, with a classic layout - two elegant “wells” with a speedometer and tachometer and an information display between them. In addition, the cabin has a pair of USB ports for charging gadgets, 3 reading lights (2 front and 1 rear), a vanity mirror, an eyeglass holder, a cup holder in the center console and a cooled, illuminated glove box. For storing small items, there are pockets in the backs of the seats and storage compartments in the rear doors. The trunk remains the same: it holds over 500 liters. luggage, and if you fold the back of the second row seats, its volume will almost triple. In the luggage compartment there are niches for small items, hooks for bags and a 12-volt socket.


The Rapid 2017 is equipped with various electronic assistants, including a keyless entry system and a push-button engine start system (KESSY). In the list of “smart assistants”:


The “base” offers the usual audio equipment with 4 speakers, and in expensive trim levels there is a media system with Swing radio, support for MP3 format, Bluetooth, a USB port for connecting mobile devices, a slot for SD cards, 6 speakers and two virtual speakers. An “advanced” Amundsen radio navigation system with a European map, AUX socket, Smart Link function and voice control is presented as an additional option. A modern multimedia complex is capable of “distributing” Wi-Fi throughout the cabin, making the Internet available to every passenger.

Skoda Rapid Technical specifications

In our country, Rapid 2017 is sold with three gasoline engines. The engines are the same as before: we are talking about a 1.6-liter MPI “aspirated” engine, which produces 90 or 110 hp, depending on the modification, and a 1.4-liter 125-horsepower TSI turbo engine with direct fuel injection. The first engine is paired with a five-speed manual transmission or a six-speed automatic transmission (automatic is a privilege of the 110-horsepower version), and the second is combined only with a seven-speed DSG transmission. Average fuel consumption is about 6 liters, and the real figure is almost no different from the “passport” figure.

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