Homemade 4x4 mini tractor with a breakable frame. How to make a budget mini tractor with your own hands. Making tractor wheels

A mini tractor is an indispensable agricultural equipment for cultivating land, planting seeds and harvesting crops. This technique is especially in demand in the countryside, among owners of large personal plots. The cost of factory-made mini tractors is quite high. Even the latest Chinese-made technology is sometimes not affordable for everyone. Therefore, more and more home craftsmen are trying to make a mini tractor themselves, using available materials.

If you decide to assemble a mini tractor with your own hands, then first of all you need to select a power unit for it. The latter is often used ZID engine. This is a four-stroke unit with a volume of 0.52 liters. and a power of 4.5 l/s, which is quite suitable for cultivating 2-3 hectares of land. The engine is easy to maintain, so it is often installed on various home-made equipment; moreover, it is easy to buy on the Internet.

Another DIY option is . This is a two-cylinder unit with a power of about 12 l/s and a volume of 0.42 l. Although this type of motor has long been discontinued, there are a large number of offers on the Internet for the sale of this unit. It can be bought for approximately 5,000 – 8,000 rubles.

Often, when making homemade tractors, craftsmen use motors from cars. For example, you can find mini tractors with an Oka engine.

This engine has a power of 29.3 l/s and a volume of 0.649 l. In fact, this is a VAZ engine (VAZ 21083), only in a lightweight version, since it has 2 times less weight. Distinctive feature engine from Oka means low gasoline consumption and high efficiency.

A more expensive option is engine from Zhiguli. The engines of the VAZ car line have an engine power of 59 l/s (VAZ 2101) and higher. A tractor with a VAZ engine is a fairly powerful unit that can cope with almost any agricultural work.

For owners of walk-behind tractors, make a mini tractor for household the easiest way, since this unit already has all the necessary control units. All that remains is to make a suitable frame, and the tractor is ready.

What to make a frame from

Assembling a mini tractor always begins with making the frame. The frame of the mini tractor acts as a base on which all components and parts of this unit are fixed. The frame should be strong enough and at the same time not very heavy. It is usually made from metal corner, profile pipe or channel. The parts are connected by welding. The frame can be solid or consist of two parts.

One-piece frame easiest to make. It is enough to weld a rectangle from a channel or corner. Frame dimensions are calculated based on the dimensions of the engine, gearbox and other components.

Also among owners of personal plots, 4x4 mini tractors are very popular. These are all-wheel drive mini tractors with breakable frame. The word “all-wheel drive” means that the unit has both drive axles, front and rear. An example of such a frame, made from channel No. 10, is shown in the following photo.

Frame fracture unit most often made from the driveshaft of a car, for example, from a GAZ-52.

Main advantage homemade tractor with a breaking frame - this is a small turning radius of the unit. Thanks to its high maneuverability, the fracture minitractor is successfully used in small areas where turning a minitractor with a solid frame would be difficult.

Below are drawings of a frame connected by a hinge.

What to make a chassis from

To assemble a mini tractor, you need to prepare its chassis. It includes wheels, front and rear axles, and transmission elements.

When choosing wheels for a mini tractor the purpose of using the latter should be taken into account. If the unit is being built for transporting and pulling loads, then a disc diameter of 16 inches will be sufficient. When using a tractor in field conditions, it is better to use more massive wheels with discs with a diameter of 18 to 24 inches.

If the drive axle in your tractor is only the rear one, then the front beam is being manufactured simple enough.

To make a homemade front axle, as well as its rear analogue for all-wheel drive unit, you will need to take 2 identical chassis units, for example, from a VAZ or Moskvich car, and shorten them. You can learn how to shorten the bridge from a VAZ car from this video.

Important! Axles must have the same gearboxes, with the same gear ratio. Otherwise the front and rear wheels When the tractor moves, they will rotate at different speeds.

Since the bridges already have a built-in mechanism for transmitting rotational motion to the wheel axle, there is no need to make a homemade gearbox.

Pros of installing hydraulics

Hydraulics are installed on a minitractor in order to ensure the operation of some of its mechanisms and facilitate the control of this unit. A unit with installed hydraulics has its advantages.

1. The car becomes easy to control. The steering wheel can be turned with virtually no effort, with one hand.
2. Hydraulics makes it possible to use various attachments.
3. The use of hydraulics allows you to modernize the brake system. Thanks to the hydraulic cylinders installed on the unit, the unit brakes instantly.

You can make hydraulics on a mini tractor if you purchase a ready-made system in advance in a store or use parts from old agricultural machinery.

Important! When installing hydraulics on a mini tractor, it should be taken into account that some of the engine power will be spent on servicing this unit. Therefore, for tractors with low-power engines installing hydraulics will not bring any benefit.

Why do you need a PTO?

The power take-off shaft (PTO) is designed to drive various agricultural mechanisms connected to a mini tractor, for example, various tillers for tillage, potato diggers, mowers, snow blowers, etc.

PTO can be like dependent and independent. In the first case, the shaft is driven by a transmission that transmits rotational motion to the wheels. As soon as the wheels stop, the PTO stops rotating. The independent PTO receives rotation from the engine crankshaft. Therefore, the higher the engine speed, the faster the shaft rotates.

In addition, there are tractors with PTO synchronous type. The rotation speed of the synchronous shaft directly depends on gear ratio transmission of a moving tractor. Synchronization of movement and rotation is required when the unit operates with sowing equipment.

Manufacturing a three-point hitch

The hitch is used for tractor connections additional equipment , for example, a plow.

The hitch must be movable both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical. In the first case, mobility helps to reduce the overhang of the nozzle when taxiing. Vertical movement of the suspension is required to lower the equipment into a working position or raise it into a transport position.

The hitch on a mini tractor is made from various parts removed from old agricultural machinery. Make a description of how to make three-point hitch at home, quite difficult. Therefore, it would be more correct to use the following video, which shows the dimensions of all parts of the device.

Selection and installation of brakes and clutch

The brakes must be installed on the rear wheelset. The easiest way to take ready-made blocks from a UAZ car. The brake pads must be installed on the wheel disks, and the control must be placed on a pedal or lever installed inside the cabin.

To install the clutch on a homemade mini tractor, you can also use ready-made option from any car. For example, you can use belt clutch from Moskvich or UAZ.

The clutch unit is attached to the gearbox, also taken from a car. You can see how the clutch is installed in this video.

Steering installation

Making a steering mechanism yourself is quite difficult, and in principle there is no point, since all the parts can be taken from any passenger car.

When installing the steering mechanism, the steering shaft with gear is connected to the steering bipods, which are available on steering knuckles, installed on the front beam (the manufacture of the beam was discussed above).

How to make a cabin for a mini tractor

If in summer period It is possible to work on a mini tractor without a cab, but with the onset of the autumn-winter period, using the unit becomes quite uncomfortable or even impossible. Therefore, craftsmen try to assemble tractors with cabins in order to use this technique all year round.

A cabin for homemade equipment is being made sheet steel according to a pre-prepared drawing. As a basis for calculations, you can take the cabin from MTZ tractors. The following photo shows a drawing, based on which you can make a cabin yourself.

Advice! If the cabin dimensions shown in the drawing do not fit the dimensions of your mini tractor, then they must be changed. But the main thing to consider when correcting sizes is the size windshield and cabin height. Its ceiling should be 25 cm higher than the head of the person sitting in the cabin.

The cabin is manufactured as follows.

In general, to better understand how to make a mini tractor with your own hands, you can watch this video, a kind of guide for beginners.

The nuances of making a caterpillar tractor

Homemade caterpillar mini tractors are equipment main feature which is high maneuverability and good maneuverability . Also, a tractor on tracks creates minimal pressure on the soil, which cannot be said about its wheeled counterpart.

To make a mini tractor crawler, the following structural elements will be needed.

1. Frame. It is made from a profile pipe or channel.
2. Engine. For a caterpillar mini tractor, it is better to use a diesel engine.
3. Drive axle. As in the manufacture of a wheeled tractor, for a tracked unit you can also use a ready-made axle from an old car, which should be shortened.
4. Transmission. The ideal option would be a box from GAZ-53.
5. Clutch. A clutch block from a GAZ-52 will do.
6. Caterpillars. They are made from tires from the wheels of large equipment, for example, from a tractor.

For making caterpillars you need to take 2 tires from a tractor and cut off the side parts of them. These tires are then put on the wheels mounted on the frame, as shown in the following photo.

So that the tractor can turn, on rear axle you need to install a differential that will disconnect the right or left wheel from the drive. Also, each wheel must be equipped with a brake that can be controlled separately. When you press the brake pedal and shift the differential, one wheel of the drive axle stops, while the opposite wheel continues to rotate. Due to this, the tractor turns in the desired direction.

In rural conditions, the main assistant is a tractor. For small farms, compact models, characterized by economical consumption and versatility of use, will be relevant. Small motorized agricultural machinery is offered to users by popular manufacturers, but skilled craftsmen are able to independently assemble the optimal device for their needs, for example, a fractured mini tractor.

Technology capabilities

In the agricultural sector, these machines are capable of doing a huge amount of work. Thanks to its maneuverability and the ability to attach additional attachments assembled mini tractor breaking a classic 4x4 with your own hands copes with the following operations:

• deep plowing of the soil;
• cultivation for removal weeds;
• harrowing of certain areas;
• implementation of sowing spring field operations of cereal crops;
• planting/harvesting potatoes.

IN winter time The Framelka mini tractor can also not be parked in a garage, but can be used to clear roads of snow. A trailer is attached to the tow bar, which helps in transporting loads of up to several hundred kg. Owners can even use mini tractors at home to mow lawns.

VIDEO: All-wheel drive tractor capabilities

Technical characteristics of the fracture mini tractor

A mini tractor assembled with your own hands has a number of positive characteristics, including certain savings on purchase costs. The advantages of homemade products include:

• the compact dimensions of the transport ensure its convenient operation even in small areas, and since most farms include small cultivated areas, a DIY assembled mini-tractor will be very appropriate;
• homemade devices with a single-axle drive or a full drive, in the vast majority of cases they pay for themselves in one or two seasons, and subsequently allow you to save on components;
• agricultural new products have decent performance indicators that can compete with factory models, since a master can make a mini tractor independently using selected units and components that have a large margin of safety.

It is worth considering that a homemade 4x4 mini tractor may also have disadvantages. The disadvantages lie in the following factors:

• sometimes the process of searching for the necessary components or individual parts is delayed;
• in the case of using non-standard structural elements, repairs are difficult;
• It will be possible to assemble a homemade 4x4 mini tractor if you have the appropriate set of tools and have the skills to work with them;
• frequent breakdowns may arise due to the use of old used technical components.

Frame assembly

The frame design is optimal for homemade products assembled in the garage. The key parts for it are the longitudinal spars and a pair of transverse crossmembers. It is preferable to make the spar beams in a three-stage form from a tenth channel, and for traverses a sixteenth square profile at the front and a twelfth at the rear are suitable.

Dimensions of a machine with a breaking frame

During the assembly process, it is important to ensure that the front half-frame can be rotated relative to the rear half-frame at a certain angle. Car hinges from trucks are suitable for this. In most cases, cut driveshafts are used. When folded at an angle, they continue to transmit rotation.

After assembling the frame, they begin to install the power unit. It is recommended for cars with a single-axle drive to take engines in the range of 15-30 hp, and for all-wheel drive, the optimal solution would be an engine with a power of 30-40 hp. Preference should be given diesel units with water cooling. They are quieter in operation than analogues with air removal of excess heat.

Kinematic diagram

As a ready-made solution, engines from walk-behind tractors or old cars can be mounted on the frame. There are drawings where the central place is occupied by power plants from such models:

• walk-behind tractor "Neva";
• model with walk-behind tractor “Bison”;
• homemade from the Centaur walk-behind tractor, etc.

An empty metal fire extinguisher with metal shavings stuffed inside it can be used as a minimal exhaust system. lathe. If an air-cooled motor is used in the design, then some of the partitions can be eliminated in the lower docking area. It is also important to ensure the presence of mounting holes for fixing the power unit.

The next step after mounting the engine is installation transfer case and gearboxes. An acceptable option is to choose them from GAZ-53. To ensure a good connection between the clutch and the engine, the flywheel will have to be rebuilt. In such a situation, turning work will be needed.

Cut off rear end, surplus with tides. A hole is bored in the center for a new shaft. The clutch basket cover is optimized in terms of dimensions to the required dimensions.

Assembly of axles and wheels

Global bridge reconstruction is not performed at home. It can only be adjusted according to the lengths of the axle shafts so that the wheels are located in the same axis and do not protrude significantly beyond the dimensions established according to the drawings.

The bridge is fixed using 4 strong stepladders. Threads for the nuts are cut into them in advance, and then the rods are heated with autogen or propane to a U-shaped state. They need to be welded with a fixed bridge relative to the entire power transmission chain.

Most craftsmen make the front axle of a mini tractor themselves, since in rear-wheel drive models it is used only for driving the vehicle. It can be strengthened with high-quality disks from ZIL-130.

Wheel pairs should be given special attention. It is hardly worth using ordinary car tires in a serious design. Often this step is taken at the initial stage. The preferred tire size should be above 14 inches. Otherwise, the new product’s cross-country ability on loose soil will objectively decrease.

The correct wheels are models with lugs. This solution will ensure high maneuverability in any area without sinking into the soil. You can imitate lugs by wrapping chains around the wheels. This method will achieve many advantages:

• operation will be simplified;
• cross-country ability and maneuverability will increase.

It is customary to use power steering for a break. Such a unit can be found on decommissioned equipment. The structure will be installed oil pump, used to maintain the required pressure value. A mandatory gearbox is used for the main rotation shaft. It is involved in steering the wheels.

Steering diagram

The driver's seat is mounted opposite the steering wheel, from which control occurs. It is taken from old cars. Installation must be ensured in such a way that the knees do not rest against the control system.

Old Zhiguli cars are equipped with drum hydraulic brakes on the front wheels. Several metal rods are used to connect it to the pedals.

Don't forget about the summer canopy, which can replace the cabin. It is usually mounted on 2 or 4 racks welded to the frame. An alternative can be a protective metal arc. Light optics are mounted for work at night. It is attached to the generator and battery.

VIDEO: Transmission of a machine with an articulated frame

Rural life involves performing a large number of jobs characteristic of a given type of area. No one disputes the honorability of manual labor, but the use of small-scale mechanization, in this case, can only be welcomed. However, not all categories of citizens have the opportunity to purchase a ready-made all-wheel drive mini tractor in a special store, because the price of even the “cheapest” model can be at least 50 thousand rubles.

This is where all sorts of craftsmen appear, who have adapted to making such units from all the rubbish that they have in the garage.

What a careless owner would throw in a landfill, a savvy and resourceful person is able to turn it into a fully functional device that can perform basic agricultural work.

The do-it-yourself 4x4 mini-tractor, which has a rather bizarre design, is quite popular among such craftsmen.

A self-made all-wheel drive mini tractor has quite good cross-country characteristics, which gives it the opportunity to perform virtually the same scope of work as store-bought counterparts, such as,.

Having a summer cottage or vegetable garden, it is impossible to do without a good mechanical device that will help dig up the soil for planting all kinds of agricultural crops. However, to purchase such a unit, you will need to shell out a considerable amount of money. However, there is an alternative option that will allow you to acquire the necessary device and save your finances. It’s quite possible to make a homemade mini tractor with a breakable frame with your own hands.

A homemade 4x4 fracture mini tractor is similar to a regular tractor built on the basis of a walk-behind tractor. Conventionally, tractors can be divided into three types: homemade, factory, converted using factory parts.

Self-made mini tractor

Building a mini tractor with your own hands is not so easy, however, it is quite interesting and requires attention and diligence. Today, you can find a lot of different assembly options, but there is a most suitable design that is suitable for both experienced designers and beginners. First of all, let's take a look at the frame design. Despite the angularity on the outside, all connecting corners and chassis parts are distributed proportionally.

Drawings of a mini tractor with a breaking frame

Key Frame Parts:

Spars;

Traverse.

The spars have a three-stage assembled structure. The front steps are made from size ten channels, and the last step is made from square-shaped pipe. The rear traverse is made of sixteenth-gauge channel, and the front one is made of twelfth-gauge channel. Absolutely such a concept would be appropriate for a cross member. The tractor can be equipped with any engine that will match the power of the unit. Most suitable option is a 4-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. The optimal power of a homemade mini tractor designed for work on home plots is 40 hp.

To connect the clutch basket to the power unit, it is necessary to build a new motor flywheel and make a reconstructed basket casing to fit it to the required size. The flywheel is usually machined using a lathe. It is necessary to trim the area at the back and make another hole in the middle. The bridge does not require significant adjustments, so it will fit any size. For attachment to the frame, 4 stepladders are used. To create a driveshaft, parts from any machine are suitable. In order to achieve high level For shock absorption, it is recommended to install 18-inch tires. Installing the wheels is quite easy and simple. It is worth noting that you need to cut out a small part from the disk in the middle with a hole for installation. After which, instead of it, the central element of the disk from the ZIL-130 should be welded. You can build the bridge ahead yourself, since you don’t need any special abilities for this. However, if you want to make the assembly procedure simpler, you can simply use a bridge from another car.

Video: PTO device on homemade mini tractor with breakable frame

Tractor wheelbase design

It is this component of the mini tractor that should be given special attention. Of course, you can use ordinary wheels from a car, but here you need to go slowly. Required wheel rim sizes for front axle, are about 14 inches. If you install wheels with a smaller diameter, there is a high probability that the tractor will not operate properly in the future. But for us, the main task is to ensure that the mini tractor does not fall into the soil. But there is another aspect that should also be taken into account. If the front wheels are too large, it will be quite difficult for the driver to control this unit. However, this process can be facilitated by installing power steering.

In addition, it is important that the tires have high-quality lugs. This will make the mini tractor more maneuverable, reduce the load on the chassis, and also simplify the operation of the device.

Steering

In order to improve the maneuverability of the tractor, it is advisable to install hydraulic control. It is possible to find hydraulics in decommissioned agricultural machinery. To assemble it, you need an oil pump, which will be driven by the engine. Thanks to him it is supported required level pressure in hydraulic motors. It is best if the main shaft wheels are controlled using a gearbox.

Steering drawing

Brake system

Suspension

The direction of rotation is achieved through a simple distribution into 4 working positions. The main advantage of an all-wheel drive mini tractor with a 4x4 frame is that it has excellent maneuverability. Of course, this makes the assembly more complex, since it is necessary to design a reliable and correct shaft with connections. To build a homemade tractor, it is recommended to use final drive cardans from trucks. Today you can find a lot of video materials with detailed instructions on making mini tractors with your own hands, however, as a rule, the basic manufacturing rules are the same. For all tractors, the gearbox is fixed to the frame, and steering rods assist in steering. As a rule, hydromechanical drum brake, which is controlled using a pedal. The accelerator and attachments are operated manually.

Designing a mini tractor requires the availability of various spare parts, of which automobile parts are excellent. Thus, a drum brake comes in handy for the front wheelbase. The steering rack and pedal controls can be taken from a small VAZ.

Construction Tools

In addition to parts, you should use a wide range of different tools:

Welding machine;

Wrenches;

Disc plate and so on.

In some cases, you may need to contact professional welders or auto repair services. However, it is important to objectively assess your own abilities and skills in this industry. Controlling the device and installing the driver's seat As a rule, installation of the control system and kinematic diagram is carried out after designing the chassis. One of the most important factors in this matter is the correct placement of the driver's seat. It is recommended to install a seat from any passenger car, which is not at all problematic to find in car services. The position of the steering wheel is also important; it must be attached at the most comfortable level for the driver. The steering wheel should not press down on the knees; therefore, it must be mounted so that the driver does not have a feeling of discomfort while operating the unit.

Minitractor engine and body equipment

As soon as chassis Once the device has been designed, the kinematic plan has been implemented and the seat has been installed, it is time to begin installing the main element of the unit - the engine. For its high-quality fixation on the frame, you should use a special plate with grooves. In addition, it will provide the required level of rigidity to the tractor chassis. After this, the electrical and mechanical circuits of the control system must be installed. The body trim can be anything, depending on the wishes of the manufacturer. However, it is recommended to hide some components and components of the body to prevent contamination and damage due to contact with the soil.

Assembly method

Before you create this colossus with your own hands, it is necessary to highlight the main purposes for which this device will be intended. The breaking procedure itself can be described quite simply: the walk-behind tractor is installed on a homemade frame. The brake system should be drum, and the steering rack can be removed from Russian Zhiguli.

If a “Neva” walk-behind tractor is used as a base, it is better to choose it with a hitch, since this will allow you to transport trailers. Of course, if you use a profile walk-behind tractor, the service life of such a machine, as well as its performance, will increase significantly. A self-made 4x4 mini tractor will become indispensable an assistant for working in summer cottages or rural gardens. In addition, its price will differ significantly from a mini tractor, which can be bought at specialized retail outlets.

Video on assembling a homemade mini tractor (breakdown)

Homemade mini tractor with a breakable frame

When the need for quality arises mechanical device, which is indispensable when digging up the soil and planting various crops, it is obvious that you need to pay a large sum to buy a colossus in a store. So as not to waste family budget You can build a fracture mini tractor with your own hands.

What is he?

A homemade 4X4 fracture mini tractor looks like a standard tractor built on a walk-behind tractor. There are three types of tractors:

• homemade;
• factory;
• rebuilt using factory tools.

Self-assembled mini tractor

Assembling a tractor with your own hands is not an easy task, but it is quite an interesting task that requires diligence and concentration. There are a large number of assembly variations, but there is an optimal design, not only for experienced, but also for novice designers. The design is shown in the photo.

Design of a homemade mini tractor

First of all, let's look at the frame design. Despite the angularity from the outside, all the nodes that connect and chassis parts are distributed rationally.

Main parts of the frame:

1. spars;
2. traverse.

The tractor spars have a three-stage assembled structure. The front steps are made of size ten channels, the last one is made of a square-shaped pipe (material steel), with sides 80x80 mm. The traverse at the back is also made from a sixteenth-size channel, and at the front - a twelfth. Exactly the same system is suitable for preparing the crossbar.

For the tractor, you can choose any engine that suits the power. The best option- This is a 4-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. In terms of power - 40 hp, but for a self-made model of a mini tractor for the purpose of working on home plots, this is quite enough.

The PTO transfer case and gearbox will fit from an abandoned GAZ-53 (or similar model), and the clutch will fit from a GAZ-52. To connect the clutch basket to power unit It is important to remake the engine flywheel and build an updated basket casing in order to adjust the required size. The flywheel is processed on a lathe. You need to cut off the area at the back and carve another span in the middle.

The bridge is integrated into the mechanism without significant changes. It can be used in any size. Four stepladders facilitate attachment to the frame. Cardan shaft can be composed with different cars. Good shock absorption is achieved thanks to the installation of 18-inch tires.

Installing the wheels on the hubs is very simple. You can see that a part of the disk is cut out in the center with a hole for installation, instead of which the central part of the disk from the ZIL-130 is welded. The bridge in front is constructed on its own - you do not need to have serious skills for this, since it is not the leader. To simplify the assembly process, you can rearrange the bridge from other machines.

Wheelbase

It is important to pay special attention to the wheelbase of a mini tractor. Of course, it is quite sufficient to use wheels made of passenger car, but here it is worth going measuredly. The required wheel rim dimensions for the front axle are approximately 14 inches. If you choose a smaller diameter, there is a risk that the mini tractor will not operate correctly in the future. After all, it is important for us that the tractor does not fall into the ground. But there is another side to the coin - if the front wheels are too huge, the driver will have to gain strength to perform certain maneuvers. It will be physically difficult. But this process can be simplified with the help of power steering.