Do-it-yourself 4x4 mini tractor with transfer case. How to make a budget mini tractor with your own hands. What tools will you need?

Agricultural work in the garden can bring joy to people. But before you enjoy the result, you will have to put in a lot of effort. Homemade miniature tractors help simplify your life and increase productivity.

Design features and dimensions

Of course, this equipment can also be bought in a store. But the costs in this case are often excessively high. And what’s most annoying is that for the largest plots of land, where powerful machines are required, purchase costs rise sharply. In addition, for those interested in technology, preparing a 4x4 all-wheel drive mini tractor will be enjoyable in itself.

But it must be taken into account that when independent work you will have to carefully think through all the nuances. There is no point in making the design worse than on factory models.

First, they determine what kind of work needs to be done on the site. Then the appropriate attachments are selected, the optimal placement and methods of attaching them are determined. It is customary to divide homemade mini-tractors into the same parts as their “store-bought” counterparts:

• frame (the most significant part);
• movers;
• power point;
• Gearbox and gear unit;
• steering block;
• auxiliary (but no less important) parts - clutch, driver's seat, roof, and so on.

As you can see, most of the parts from which homemade mini-tractors are assembled are taken ready-made from other equipment. Can be used as a basis for cars and other agricultural machines. But the number of permissible combinations of components is not so large. Therefore, it makes sense to focus on ready-made combinations of parts. As for the sizes, they are chosen at your own discretion, but once these parameters are fixed in the drawing, it becomes extremely imprudent to change them.

Most experts believe that it is best to use structures with a breakable frame. And experienced craftsmen prefer this option. Motoblocks are used as a basis.

Despite their apparent bulk, these mini tractors are quite efficient and work very well. The main thing is that each component is placed in its strictly designated place.

Tools and materials

Frames are often made from traverses and spars. The spars themselves are made of channels and steel pipes. Cross members are made in a similar way. In this regard, the preparation of any mini-tractor is not much different. As for motors, any version that is powerful enough will do.

But still professionals believe that the best option turns out to be a four-stroke diesel engine, cooled by water. They save fuel and are more stable in operation. Transmissions and transfer cases, as well as clutches, are often taken from domestic trucks. But we must take into account that the individual components will have to be adjusted to each other. For this purpose, you will have to use a home lathe or turn to professionals.

Bridges are taken from old motor equipment almost without changes. Sometimes they are only shortened a little. In this case, metalworking equipment is used. Wheels are sometimes removed from passenger cars, however, their diameter must be at least 14 inches (for the front axle).

By installing smaller movers, farmers will often encounter the mini-tractor sinking into the ground. If you put it too big chassis, maneuverability will deteriorate. Hydraulic power steering helps to partially compensate for this disadvantage. Whether to remove it from old cars or do it yourself is up to the master to decide. As for the driver's seat, although this is optional, it is a very important element.

If you take an old walk-behind tractor as a basis, you can take it in finished form:

• motor;
• clutch system;
• wheels and axle shafts.

But the frame from a walk-behind tractor can only become integral part mini tractor frames. When using it, you need to make sure that the mounts for the engine and gearbox are ready. If a motor cultivator is used as a basis, a powerful frame is abandoned; a 10 cm square pipe is sufficient. Preference is given to the square shape because home mini-tractors often drive on bad roads. The size of the frame is selected according to the size of other parts and their weight.

A simple type of transmission involves the use of a belt clutch placed on the gearbox. In a more complex version, torque is transmitted using cardan shafts. However, the consumer has no choice - it all depends on the characteristics of the engine and the wheel formula. If an effective breakable frame is used, then in any case you will have to install cardan shafts. It must be taken into account that when self-production it's complicated.

The controls are created according to a standard scheme; they simply take parts from any car. Since the load on the steering wheel when operating a mini-tractor is less than that of a passenger car, you can safely install used parts. Attaching the column, tips and other components occurs in exactly the same way as on a car. But the tie rods are shortened a little to accommodate the narrowed track. To work, therefore, you will need:

• screwdrivers;
• wrenches;
• roulette;
• welding machines;
• hardware.

How to do it yourself?

A homemade mini-tractor, a fracture, is a kind of classic in this type of technology. Therefore, it is worth starting the review with it. There are 3 different options for how to implement such a scheme:

• use a walk-behind tractor and put a factory frame on it;
• assemble the product entirely from spare parts;
• take a walk-behind tractor as a basis and supplement it with spare parts from the conversion kit.

It is extremely important to prepare drawings before starting work. If you lack work experience and technical drawing, it is better to turn to professionals. Ready-made schemes distributed via the Internet cannot always guarantee the optimal result. And their publishers, especially site owners, do not bear responsibility. A hinge joint must be provided between the parts of the frame.

The engine is installed in most cases at the front. For the manufacture of the frame, channels from 9 to 16 are usually used. Channel number 5 is used only occasionally, however, it will have to be strengthened with the help of transverse beams.

Cardans are often used as a hinged connecting unit on a mini-tractor with a breaking frame. They are removed from GAZ-52 or GAZ-53.

Experts recommend installing four-stroke engines on homemade equipment. Power 40 l. With. quite enough to solve most business problems. Engines are often taken from Moskvich and Zhiguli cars. But you need to pay attention to the gear ratios. You also need to take care of efficient cooling. Engines that are not cooled well will lose power and their parts will wear out quickly. To make a transmission, it is advisable to use the following removed from trucks:

• power take-off shaft;
• gearbox;
• clutch system.

But in finished form, all these parts are not suitable for a mini-tractor. They will need to be improved. The clutch and motor will be properly connected only with the help of a new basket. The rear segment of the flywheel will have to be shortened on a machine. A new hole must be punched in the middle of this assembly, otherwise the fracture assembly will not work normally. Front axles are taken in finished form from other cars. Intrusion into their device is not recommended. However, the rear axles should be improved a little. Modernization consists of shortening the axle shafts. The rear axles are attached to the frame using 4 stepladders.

The wheel size on a mini tractor used only for moving loads should be 13-16 inches. But when you plan to perform a wide range of agricultural work, you need to use movers with a radius of 18-24 inches. When it is only possible to create an excessively large wheelbase, it is necessary to use hydraulic power steering. A hydraulic cylinder is a device that cannot be made with your own hands. The only way to get this part is to remove it from unnecessary equipment.

In order to maintain the operating pressure at the required level and circulate a sufficient amount of oil, you will have to install a gear-type pump.

When making fractures, it is important to connect the gearbox with wheels mounted on the main shaft. Then it will be much easier to manage them.

The operator's seat is taken from passenger cars; there is no need to modify it. The steering wheel is placed so that your knees do not rest against it.

When installing control systems, you must ensure that all of them have free access. A high-quality breaker, even if it is assembled from old spare parts, should produce up to 3000 engine revolutions per minute. Least permissible speed equals 3 km/h. If these parameters are not provided, you will have to redo the mini-tractor after the test run. If necessary, adjust the transmission.

Experts note that, if possible, all drive wheels should have separate gearboxes and hydraulic distributors of 4 sections. This solution makes it possible during assembly to abandon the installation of cardans and the use of differentials on the rear axles. The mini-tractor can be loaded only after successful running-in. In many cases, miniature tractors are made from Niva components. In this case, sequentially:

• assemble the frame;
• install the engine;
• install the transmission;
• attach the steering column;
• attach hydraulic components and wheels;
• equip the brake system;
• install the seat and cargo body.

The classic approach to arranging a frame based on the VAZ 2121 involves an all-welded structure. It's relatively easy to do. However, the maneuverability of such a system is low, which is especially noticeable when the mini-tractor turns or drives over rough terrain with a load in the back. Therefore, the increased complexity of assembling a fracture is fully justified by the high cross-country ability and reduced turning radius.

The cross members act as stiffeners. The longitudinal spars are placed in such a way that a rigid steel box is formed. It is necessary to provide brackets and fasteners, without which the body will move unpredictably. A pair of half-frames are welded together. A piece of 0.6x0.36 m is placed at the back, and 0.9x0.36 m at the front. An eighth-size channel is used as a basis. A couple of pipe sections are added to the front half-frame. These sections will allow you to install the motor. A metal stand with a thickness of 0.012 m is placed on the rear half-frame. An equilateral corner is used to strengthen it.

On small farms, a mini-tractor can be used to loosen the soil, harvest crops, and perform other work. This technique is quite expensive. Therefore, many farmers make homemade mini-tractors with a breakable frame and parts from old cars.

What is it

Such devices have two half-frames, which are connected by movable hinges. has the following advantages:

• good balancing;
• excellent maneuverability;
• small turning radius;
• high power.

These designs have 4-wheel drive, which improves stability. A homemade tractor with a breakable frame works like a mini-tractor based on a walk-behind tractor. Tractors can be factory-made, homemade, or modified using tools. Making a tractor is a complex, but interesting task that requires engineering knowledge and skills in assembling and designing mobile equipment.

There are several assembly options. But there is the best way installation that is suitable even for novice designers. In the frame, all elements are distributed as balanced as possible. It consists of two semi-frames. You need to find out how to make its components before starting work.

In addition to the frame, it will be necessary to manufacture a steering system, install and weld the motor, think over and create the transmission and chassis. The engine must be diesel. Its power is selected in accordance with the desired performance of the tractor. Bridges can be taken from an old car. Wheels are installed with a diameter of 20 inches to improve maneuverability on difficult terrain and uneven rocky soil.

Drawings

Before you begin assembling the structure, it is necessary to complete drawings and make calculations of the main components of the structure. The drawings should indicate the dimensions of all parts and elements and mark the places where they are welded.

Construction Tools

To make homemade products, you need components and parts from used equipment: walk-behind tractors, cars and other devices. You will need metal sheets, profile steel structures: channels, angles, screws, bolts, various types fasteners, screwdriver, screwdriver, building level, tools and small parts.

Rural life involves performing a large number of jobs characteristic of a given type of area. No one disputes the honorability of manual labor, but the use of small-scale mechanization, in this case, can only be welcomed. However, not all categories of citizens have the opportunity to purchase a ready-made all-wheel drive mini tractor in a special store, because the price of even the “cheapest” model can be at least 50 thousand rubles.

This is where all sorts of craftsmen appear, who have adapted to making such units from all the rubbish that they have in the garage.

What a careless owner would throw in a landfill, a savvy and resourceful person is able to turn it into a fully functional device that can perform basic agricultural work.

The do-it-yourself 4x4 mini-tractor, which has a rather bizarre design, is quite popular among such craftsmen.

A self-made all-wheel drive mini tractor has quite good off-road characteristics, which gives it the ability to perform virtually the same scope of work as store-bought counterparts, such as Uralets, Kubota, Bulat 120, Yanmar, Belarus 132n, Scout.

You don’t have to buy a tractor - you can assemble it yourself. There is an option to assemble it with a monolithic frame, which is easier, or with a broken one - you will have to tinker with it, but the machine turns out to be maneuverable. A homemade 4x4 fracture mini-tractor is constructed entirely from elements of old cars and equipment.

The tractor got its name “perelomka” because of the frame, which consists of two parts. Before starting assembly, you need to have a diagram with the dimensions of the components so that all the elements fit in size.

DIY 4x4 tractor with tipping frame

This process can be described general scheme, but in practice, almost every self-taught assembler makes his own adjustments to the design.

To assemble a mini-tractor, do-it-yourself fractures usually adhere to the following requirements:

• The frame has a 3-stage side member system. For the front ones, take channels No. 10. The third stage is made of a pipe with a cut of 8 by 8 cm.
• The front traverse can be made from channel No. 12, for the rear it is best to use No. 16.
• Cross members are built using the same system.
• The engine is selected according to suitable characteristics - size, power, type of mounting.
• The most often chosen is a 4-cylinder diesel engine with 40 hp. With.
• Liquid cooling allows equipment to work all day without overheating.
• The next step is to install the power take-off shaft, gearbox, transfer case. Parts from an old GAZ-53 truck are ideal.

To connect the motor and clutch, the flywheel will need to be reworked - cutting off its rear part and grinding a new span. Upgrading the casing consists of adjusting it to the desired size.

Cardan shaft and rear axle They will fit any car, you don’t need to change anything in it.

How to install the wheelbase with your own hands?

The main thing here is to choose the correct wheel diameter. For a mini-tractor with a breaking frame, it can also be taken with passenger car mobile, if the disc diameter is at least 14 inches. Wheels that are too small will bog down in the ground, and wheels that are too large will make it difficult to control the equipment. You can make using the tractor easier by installing a hydraulic system. It can be completely removed from any decommissioned agricultural equipment.

• The front axle can be easily constructed from a pipe by installing bearings on it. Another option is to take from other, unnecessary equipment.
• Tires should be selected with a deep tread pattern - this increases the maneuverability of the tractor.
• 18-inch tires provide good shock absorption.

The rear wheels are mounted on the axle hubs in a simple way: the center of the disk with mounting holes is cut out, and the same part from the ZIL-130 is welded to this place.

How to install the steering correctly?

To assemble a mini-tractor with your own hands, any steering taken from a passenger car. The most successful option will be the one with a hydraulic system - this will improve the controllability of the tractor.

Also needed oil pump- it is started by the engine. The main wheels are best connected through a gearbox.

An important element of the system is the hydromechanical drum brake. It is connected by a rod to the pedal.

After all parts of the structure have been assembled, the workplace operator. For this purpose, a seat with position adjustment is installed. You can build a canopy with your own hands by securing it to 4 welded posts.

To ensure safety, the engine and all internal elements are hidden under a steel casing - it is usually bent from a sheet of galvanized steel. To operate in the dark, the tractor is equipped with a headlight and a battery for it.