30.06.2020

Hankook i pike rs w419 tests. Oleg Rastegaev got acquainted with the model line of Hankook winter tires at the Test World test site. Tire edge filling

At TestWorld (Northern Finland)

The presentation took place at the world-famous TestWorld commercial test site located in the north of Finland. Meticulous readers probably know that even beyond the Arctic Circle the temperature is above zero, and there is no trace of snow and ice. But Hankook solved this issue.

We were asked to carry out the asphalt part of the tests on the Ivalo-Murmansk public road, but only in Suomi and only to the Russian border. The air temperature during a short run was plus 10-14 degrees. But on snow and ice, we tried some tires at a temperature of minus 11 degrees - in unique rooms recently built by the Testwolds with powerful climate systems. Acceleration and braking on "white" surfaces were evaluated in a huge hangar 160 m long and 16 m wide. But that's not all!

We also had the opportunity to evaluate the behavior of the tires on the snow - also in a light frost of minus 11, also in an intricate room, slightly reminiscent of the body of a classical guitar in shape. The total length of the track is 350 m with a width of 9 m. The compressed snow in these rooms is real, stored last spring. Ice - artificial, frozen, almost the same as on a closed rink. From March to December, real winter reigns in these rooms. The snow is periodically slightly loosened, the ice is “added”. Throughout the summer, tire and car manufacturers conducted winter tests of their products here. By the way, vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tons and up to 2.7 m high can operate in these premises. That is, not only cars, but also crossovers and minivans. On the sides of these huge hangars are attached boxes with lifts - here you can change tires or other automotive components.

But in winter time when it's snowing and cold outside, air conditioning units switch to the heating mode, and inside you can evaluate the behavior on the pavement, both dry and wet. For this, watering of the "track" is provided. Just a real paradise for testers!

On snow and ice, we tested some tires in minus 11 degrees.

Hankook Kinergy 4S - all season tire with asymmetric tread pattern for year-round use. It combines features summer tires(short braking distance on dry pavement and good handling on dry and wet roads) with good longitudinal grip on snow in moderate frost. They do not save on slush either - highly efficient drainage grooves help with this.

The tires are available in sizes from 14 to 18 inches, with speed limits from 190 to 240 km/h. The advantages of the new "all season" have already been appreciated by well-known automakers. rolls off the production line on Hankook Kinergy 4S 225/50R17 tires with a top speed of 240 km/h.

Hankook Kinergy 4S

Hankook Winter i*cept RS 2 - for compact and medium-sized cars, optimized for winter in Central and Western Europe. The directional tread pattern with grooves widening in the shoulder area perfectly removes water and slush from the contact patch. Due to this, the speed of the onset of aquaplaning is increased and traction on slushy roads is increased.

Three-dimensional sipes, which are dotted with all tread blocks, improve grip on icy and snowy roads. Additional "hold" on roads with low grip and wet surfaces is provided by silica components in the tread rubber.

Tires are produced only in Hungary, in a factory with the most modern equipment. Available in sizes from 14 to 17 inches, the speed limit is from 190 to 210 km / h ().

Tires liked on asphalt. Reactions are quite clear for winter tires, dry grip and wet pavement also quite good. True, this is a subjective opinion, since, and even more so, comparison was not provided at the presentation.

Hankook Winter i*cept RS2 cutaway

Hankook Winter i*cept evo 2 in the light version and Hankook Winter i*cept evo 2 SUV in the crossover version continue the direction set by the tires of the first Generation Winter i*cept evo. The novelty is intended for prestigious and sports cars. Not forgotten and "gaining momentum" - they offer a version of the SUV. All tires are geared towards mild Central European winters.

The asymmetric tread pattern, as usual, is responsible for traction on ice and snow on the outside, and on asphalt on the inside.

Performance of drainage grooves compared to previous model increased by 30%. Due to this, more water and snow porridge are removed from the contact patch, and the ability to resist hydroplaning increases. Reinforced sidewall and a wider shoulder improve handling and improve cornering grip. Silica nanodispersed additives in the tread rubber composition improved grip on snow, ice and wet roads.

The main part of both cars and crossovers winter tires i*cept evo 2 is manufactured in a state of the art facility in Hungary. Passenger line from 16 to 20 inches, high-speed indices H-W(from 210 to 270 km/h), and crossover from 16 to 21 inches, with speed indices H and V (210 and 240 km/h), are already available this year.

Now about the new products that will surely arouse the interest of the Russians, since these tires are able to work in harsh Russian winters.

Hankook Winter i*cept evo2

Hankook Winter i*pike RS Plus- the development of the well-known Winter i*pike on our market, moving in the direction already "trampled" by Nokian HKPL 8 and ContiIceContact 2 studs. Plus in the name implies an increased number of spikes and a slightly modified tread. Here, the studs are in contact with the road as much as 22 rows instead of 17 on the previous model, due to which traction on ice is improved. Tires are equipped with Finnish spikes Turvanasta 8-11/2 HT-2 "Torx-Grip".

The snow grooves are slightly widened to improve the tire's ability to resist hydroplaning and slashplaning. The manufacturer claims excellent grip on snow.

We have already tested these tires in size 205/55R16. The material with the test results can be read in the October issue of "Behind the wheel". Hankook Winter i*pike RS Plus among the tested ZR really turned out to be the best in terms of longitudinal traction on snow. Now they are available on the market so far only in the most popular sizes - 205/55R16 and 215/65R16.

Hankook Winter i*pike RS Plus

Hankook Winter i*cept iZ 2 - soft friction tire for comfortable ride. It is a significantly upgraded Winter i * cept iZ of the first generation. The main external difference is the directional tread pattern. This better and faster cleans the contact patch from snow, snow porridge and water, which means it improves the contact of the tire with the road. The number of checkers compared to the previous model is increased by 20% by reducing their size. This solution increases the number of working edges, which has a positive effect on traction on ice and snow.

Silicon dioxide, present in the tread, allows you to maintain its elasticity even in the most severe frosts. The manufacturer promises "excellent traction on snow and reliable handling on snow and ice."

On a snowy "road", I really liked the behavior of these tires. Reactions are clear and precise, the beginning of slips is well predictable. I was especially impressed by how well and clearly the car is controlled in slips.

Hankook promises the appearance of new items on our market in the near future in a wide range of sizes - from 155/70R13 to 255/40R19.

Hankook Winter i*cept iZ2

P.S.: not a single car and not a single wall of TestWorld structures was damaged during the tests.

Hankook shod everyone: presentation of six winter tires

The South Korean tire company Hankook held an unusual event, on the eve of the winter season, presenting six winter novelties for different climatic zones to European auto journalists at once. Sergey Mishin was among the tire experts.

Hankook shod everyone: presentation of six winter tires

A new addition to the tire range Russian market. As they say, piping hot.

On ice, the grip is high, the balance is reasonable. Braking and lateral grip are good, acceleration is average.

They are pretty strong on snow too. Longitudinal grip is good, transverse - medium.

On a snowy road, they scour a little, but do not leave the trajectory. Insufficient information content of the steering wheel and a slight delay in correcting the direction of movement were noted.

Slips are harsh in corners, the car slides longer than we would like, but traction recovery is soft and smooth.

In deep snow, they move not quite confidently; when slipping at the time of launch, they show a tendency to self-burrow. Reversing go confidently.

On asphalt, they make the car float along the lane. They interfere with a wide "zero", delays in reactions, taxiing rear axle and lack of information.

They brake weakly, both on dry pavement and on wet.

Comfort notes: small vibrations from small bumps and increased overall noise typical of studded tires.

At a speed of 60 km / h, fuel consumption is below average, at 90 km / h - the most economical.

The amount of protrusion of the spines and the rate of protrusion increase are normal. During the test, there was no loss of spikes.

+ Good braking and lateral grip on ice, longitudinal grip on snow, economical at 90 km/h.

- Weak braking on dry and wet roads.

Verdict: Suitable for any winter roads.

Product page.

For car enthusiasts, it always seems to be quite a challenge. After all, you need to take into account many aspects, such as the noise generated by the rubber while driving, the level of comfort it provides, and most importantly, its performance in bad weather conditions, that is, on wet road surfaces, as well as on icy and snowy roads. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no problems with variety: there are a huge number of winter tires, so choosing any specific ones so that you don’t regret your choice later is not as easy as it might seem at first. Therefore, this article is intended to save you from the agony of choice. Here will be an overview of Winter i'Pike RS W419 winter tires about them, their photos and so on. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate in detail the capabilities and features of these tires so that you can evaluate them yourself and make right choice. So, why are the Winter i'Pike RS W419 Hankook tires so good? Reviews about them on the network are extremely positive, but the opinions of users will be discussed a little later. First you need to look at the tires themselves and consider all their features and capabilities.

Winter premium tires

The Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 is truly a unique product because it's a tire that can be called a major step forward in production. Simply put, this model sets new standard for winter tires that concentrate on high performance. offers you a whole new level of driving in difficult weather conditions, whether it be snow or ice. By the way, if we talk about snow and ice, then each winter tires there is a slope - some cope better with snow-covered surfaces, while the performance of others is aimed at neutralizing negative impact road icing. In this case, the emphasis is on the fight against icing, and this can be seen both while driving and just by looking at the characteristics of this rubber. It has perfect performance on icy pavement, but don't think that snowy roads will become a barrier for you: the tires still handle snowy pavement perfectly, which is why they are among the best in the world.

Wet performance can also be described as close to ideal, so these tires will save you from any kind of bad weather. Moreover, they have increased wear resistance, so you can ride them for a very long time. The performance of this rubber is also very good on dry roads, although, of course, the difference in handling can be seen with the naked eye. As for those parameters that, unlike the previous ones, can be attributed not to ideal, excellent and very good, but simply to good, this is the noise created by this rubber when driving, as well as its environmental friendliness.

Well, the last point, which still cannot be called bad, but at the same time it has the lowest indicator of all, is ride comfort. Unfortunately, the manufacturer had to make a choice: sacrifice comfort for perfect performance in various weather conditions, or reduce performance for comfort. The choice was made in favor of the first option, and the result was Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 tires. Winter tires this model will definitely not disappoint you even considering the lack of ride comfort when equipped.

Slope for water

So now you have a general idea of the performance of the Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 tires. 91T, 100P and similar types are available in a wide range of sizes, so it's best to focus on quality rather than variety. What makes these tires so popular and considered one of the best in the world? It's all about the technologies used to create them, namely the tread pattern of the tire, as well as the structure of the tire.

All this will be discussed in detail in this article, and it is worth starting with the tread pattern. There are a large number of features, the combination of which gives an incredible result. And the first feature is the special slopes in the tread pattern, due to which water is effectively removed from the tire grooves. This feature maximizes tire performance in winter, as large amounts of water are removed quickly and efficiently in rainy, snowy, and icy conditions. The same goes for the Hankook Winter i’Pike RS W419 XL tires, which, no matter their size, are just as effective at handling the large volumes of fluid that enter the tread grooves.

3D grooves

Tires Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 R16 (this is one of the most popular diameters, 16 inches, but it is worth noting that a wide variety of diameters are on sale, from 15 to 20 inches), of course, are not limited to one feature: there are many more, and one of the most outstanding among them is the special design of the tread grooves. Traditionally, they are "two-dimensional", that is, they go straight into the rubber, but in this model the grooves are "three-dimensional" - they have their own pattern, they are curved, which gives certain advantages. What exactly? This feature guarantees a reduction in traffic blockage, thereby providing the driver with increased vehicle stability while driving. This is one of the most important parameters for winter tires. And again, that's not all we can do. Hankook tires Winter i'Pike RS W419. The review will reveal in detail every feature of this rubber so that you can fully appreciate its highest quality.

Special hairpin

It's no secret that in ordinary tires the tread pattern is fixed on static studs, but in the case of this rubber, this is not at all the case. The manufacturer used an incredible innovative technology of moving pins. This makes the tread virtually movable, which brings many advantages. The studs can move in different directions, which ensures maximum efficiency when breaking ice, as well as guaranteeing first-class traction on snowy roads. Separately, it is worth noting the effective interaction of this technology with another innovative technology used in this rubber, which will be discussed later.

Snow Slit

Snow Slit technology is directly related to the previous feature of these tires. The fact is that there is always a certain thread around the stud, which also increases the functionality of the tires. However, in this case, this carving is made in a special way: firstly, it looks more impressive, since it is not an abstraction, but is framed in the form of a snowflake. Greatly designed winter tires are a very attractive proposition, but it becomes even more tempting when you find out that these snowflakes on the tread are not just for decoration, but also have a function. Combined with movable studs, these snowflakes provide the most efficient ice breaking and traction on snowy roads. As you can see, these tires hide a lot of surprises that add up to great performance and efficiency on the road.

Spuit

On wet, icy or snowy roads? There is water on the road surface, which is there either in its original liquid form or in a solid state of aggregation, that is, as an ice crust or snow drift. One way or another, it is water, which reduces the grip of rubber on the road. The tread has channels that, upon contact with the road, draw water out of it, thereby reducing its amount on the surface and improving grip. What is the essence of the new technology used in this tire model? The fact is that, unlike conventional rubber, in this model the tread channels end in small cavities, thanks to which the tire can eliminate more fluid from the road, guaranteeing even better grip even in the most unpleasant weather.

Blocks 2-in-1

Everyone knows that the tread pattern is usually divided into blocks, which provides better grip. However, most often these blocks are single, that is, the entire surface of the tire is divided into separate shapes: squares, rectangles, polygons, and so on. But this tire model takes a 2-in-1 approach as a basis: the entire middle of the tread is covered with aggressive blocks, which are a combination of two standard blocks. What is it for? Thus, the manufacturer managed to achieve the highest quality grip on snowy and icy road surfaces. This is another important element that adds up to the overall mix, and it all adds up to the fact that these tires deliver perfect performance on icy roads and near-perfect performance on snowy and wet roads.

Husky as a prototype

It may seem rather strange, but the manufacturers of these tires admit that they drew their inspiration from the Siberian Husky. This breed of dog has long been used in the north in a frosty climate for transporting people and various goods. Thick wool is one of the main advantages of this breed, but the developers could not figure out how the tires could be dressed in warm wool. Therefore, they concentrated on another aspect - the claws and paws of these dogs. If you have seen the paws of a husky and look at the tread of this tire, you can see a certain similarity. The fact is that the creators used the husky paw pattern as a prototype for creating the tread pattern of their tires. If dogs can safely move through snowy and icy areas, then why can't a car that will have the same tires as a husky's paws. Moreover, the edges of the tread are designed in such a way that they are in many ways reminiscent of the claws of the same dog, making breaking the ice cover a much easier task. The grip on a snowy road in a car equipped with these tires will be just perfect, because this rubber is based on the long history of husky dogs in the fierce conditions of the north.

Tire coverage

All of the above features have gained immense popularity and a high place in the ratings for Winter i'Pike RS W419 Hankook tires. Reviews about these tires are always very good, but it is worth noting that this is due not only to the tire tread, but also to its very structure. First of all, it is worth noting the tire coating, which is made of silicone-containing rubber, which provides excellent grip. This can be especially noted on wet, snowy and icy road surfaces. However, this material also provides minimal drag while driving, allowing you to save significant fuel costs compared to what more standard tires can offer you.

Breaker layer

The breaker layer of the tire, located under the rubber, is distinguished by its large width, as well as the fact that it is made of steel. This provides optimal stiffness for the Winter i'Pike RS W419 Hankook tires: reviews of this model usually indicate that it is the moderate stiffness of these tires that provides enough comfort for such incredible performance. It would seem that with such a clutch in terrible road conditions there can be no talk of comfort at all, but the manufacturer managed to achieve a certain balance largely due to such a belt layer.

Wireframe

Separately, it is worth noting the frame line of the Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 tire model. Reviews from owners who are not experienced motorists usually do not touch on this topic, because the carcass layer lies very deep in the tire and few people are interested. But in reality it is very important, and its high quality ensures minimization of tire deformation during its use. Also, this carcass greatly increases the rigidity of the sidewall of the tire, which contributes to even higher stress resistance.

Tire edge

It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that new technology also used for the edge of the Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 tire. Owner reviews only occasionally touch on this topic because few people look closely at the edge of the rubber - usually people just use the product they purchase, and then the edge is hidden behind the wheel rim. However, if you still postpone the “changing shoes” of the wheels and take a closer look at the edge of the tire, you will notice that here the manufacturer used innovative technology: the entire edge is framed by one single solid wire of increased strength. This significantly increases the durability of the tires. Some cheaper options can get damaged in this area quite quickly, causing the entire tire to become unusable.

Tire edge filling

However, that's not all there is to say about how the edge is shaped when the Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 winter tires are made. Reviews of professionals also indicate that the filling of the edge has changed, and this is true. On the official website of the manufacturer, you can find specific confirmation. The hardness of not only the wire, but also the filler increases, due to which an even better result is achieved. This time, the handling of the car is affected. Due to the innovative approach, handling is significantly increased, as is the sensitivity of the car to steering movements. As you can see, these tires are good all around, so you should definitely check out the Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 winter tires. Reviews about them can be found everywhere, but in order to save you from this need, at the end of the article, the main pros and cons of this model will be given, which drivers who have already managed to test this rubber have turned their attention to.

Positive reviews

Naturally, it’s worth starting with the positive information that buyers left. In this case, no differentiation will be made between, for example, the basic version and the Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 XL. Reviews will be given for the entire range for this model. So, most people point out that this rubber operates very quietly and at the same time has a high quality, which is noticeable both on the road and in how often it needs to be changed. There is very little wear during use, as well as durability: even in the most unpleasant conditions, the tires withstood, and people report that they did not have a single puncture at all. And, of course, the high performance of tires on snowy and icy roads is also noted. However, reviews of the Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 tires are not exclusively positive, there are also negative points.

Negative Feedback

So, you have purchased, for example, Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 195/65 R15 95T. Owner reviews are what will help you know what to expect from new rubber. And if positive sides you already know, what about the negative ones? First of all, people note a serious lack of movable spikes. Because of this, they almost completely fall out after two or three seasons, while static spikes usually last up to seven seasons. Users also note that these tires are designed for a really harsh winter: maximum efficiency is achieved only at temperatures of minus fifteen and below. That's all you need to know about Hankook Winter i'Pike RS W419 tires: reviews, photos, specifications, the main features of the tread pattern and the structure of the tire itself. Now you can safely make the right choice of winter tires.

Hankook Winter I Pike RS W419 is a medium-class studded winter tire with a directional tread pattern for city and medium-sized passenger cars.

Country of manufacture: Korea.

Hankook W419 Winter I Pike RS test by Finnish Test World in 2016

In 2016 experts of the Finnish organization Test World have tested the Hankook Eye Pike 419 at size 205/55 R16 and compared it with 21 budget, mid-range and premium winter tyres. To illustrate the results in the test, we used similar studded and friction tires, as well as two high-speed tires of the Eurozim type.

Test results

According to the results of the Hankook Winter I*Pike RS W419 test, it took 5th place among studded tires. The tire proved to be excellent in the "winter" disciplines on ice and snow, and even surpassed the more expensive premium models in the results. But on the pavement, the tire is doing noticeably worse: it slows down worst of all on dry surfaces and moderately on wet ones (although the lag in results from similar studded tires is small). Hankuk also turned out to be one of the noisiest tires in the test.

Feedback from experts who conducted the test:

The tires brake well on ice and snow and provide sufficient control over the car in difficult situations. On asphalt, a very long braking distance, poor grip and low controllability.

	Place	Comment
Braking on dry pavement	22	Worst result. a) with a test leader (European type tire) - 6.6 meters longer; b) with the best friction tire - 3.3 meters longer; c) with the best studded tire - 2.8 meters longer.
Braking on wet pavement	9	Length difference stopping distance: a) with a test leader (European type tire) - 10.1 meters longer; b) with the best friction tire - 1 meter longer; c) with the best studded tire - 3 meters longer.
Handling on wet pavement	15	a) with the test leader (European type tire) - longer by 5 seconds; b) with the best friction tire - longer by 0.9 seconds; c) with the best studded tire - longer by 2.3 seconds.
Snow braking	1	Best result. Difference in stopping distance: a) with a similar studded tire - shorter by 0.1 meter; b) with the best friction tire - shorter by 2.8 meters; c) with a European-type tire - shorter by 10.7 meters.
Snow handling	2	Lap time difference: a) with the leader of the test (studded tire) - longer by 0.7 seconds; b) with the best friction tire - faster by 0.4 seconds; c) with a European-type tire - 5.7 seconds faster.
Acceleration on snow	1-3	Acceleration time difference to 35km/h: a) with a studded tire - the same result; b) with the best friction tire - the same result; c) with a European type tire - faster by 1.2 seconds.
Ice braking	6	Difference in stopping distance: a) with a test leader (studded tire) - 6.7 meters longer; b) with the best friction tire - shorter by 9.3 meters; c) with a European-type tire - shorter by 31.5 meters.
Handling on ice	6	Lap time difference: a) with the leader of the test (studded tire) - longer by 1.8 seconds; b) with the best friction tire - faster by 1.6 seconds; c) with a European-type tire - 19.9 seconds faster.
Acceleration on ice	5	Acceleration time difference from 5 to 20 km/h: a) with the leader of the test (studded tire) - longer by 0.5 seconds; b) with the best friction tire - faster by 2.9 seconds; c) with a European-type tire - 6.3 seconds faster.
Noisiness	19-22	Worst result. Subjective assessment of the noise level - 5 points.
economy	9	Compared to the test leader, fuel consumption is 1.4% higher.

The Finnish organization Test World has tested 26 models of studded and friction winter tires.

List of tires tested:

Bridgestone Blizzak WS80;

Bridgestone Noranza 001;

Continental ContiVikingContact 6;

Continental Ice Contact 2;

Falken Espia Ice;

Gislaved Nord*Frost 200;

good year Ultra Grip Ice 2;

Goodyear UltraGrip Ice Arctic;

Hankook Winter i*cept iZ2 W616;

Hankook Winter i*Pike RS+ W419D;

Kumho WinterCraft ice Wi31;

Landsail Winter Lander;

LingLong Green-Max Winter Ice I-15;

Michelin X-Ice North 3;

Michelin X-ice Xi3;

Nankang Ice Activa Ice-1;

Nokian Hakkapeliitta 9;

Nokian Hakkapeliitta R2;

Pirelli Ice Zero;

Pirelli Ice Zero FR;

Sava Eskimo Ice;

Sava Eskimo Stud;

Triangle IceLink (PS01);

Vredestein Wintrac Ice;

Yokohama iceGUARD iG65.

Winter tests Tire Test World eventually turned into a triumph for the German concern Continental, whose tires won in both offsets - studded and non-studded tires. According to TW experts, this was not surprising, since Continental is well known in Scandinavia for its high-quality winter tires, and this result should be considered natural.

“IceContact 2 are simply excellent tyres. They provide a pleasant ease of operation and very predictable behavior even in extreme situations on icy surfaces, the experts said. “They also guarantee optimal handling on snow, and in general, we can say with confidence that Continental tires can feel safe in all conditions of the winter period.”

If everything is clear with Continental, then the tires in second place in the classification of studded and non-studded tires showed such results that it is just right to consider them a sensation. As a result, the inexpensive Hankook Winter I*Pike RS + unexpectedly got silver in the studded tire test, which bypassed not just anyone, but the formidable Nokian Hakkapeliitta 9 model. Ivalo (Finland). The new center is located next to the Test World indoor facility, so Hankook can test winter tires throughout the year without transportation costs.

In the standings of non-studded tires, the second line went to Sava tires Eskimo Ice, which, like Hankook, do not belong to the premium segment and were also able to outperform competitors from much more famous brands. It is worth noting here that Sava are produced by the American giant Goodyear, and their high result speaks in favor of the opinion that with a small budget it is worth choosing tires produced by large manufacturers under their second-tier brands.

This time, several cheap tires from brands from Asia - Landsail, Linglong, Nankang and Triangle - also took part in the test. TW noted that they again took places at the bottom of the rankings, but the performance of budget Asian tires is becoming better year from a year, and, perhaps, a change in the balance of power is just a matter of time.

TW also noted that tires of various brands made in Russia are increasingly involved in tests. This time, Russian factories produced Michelin tires and Pirelli and experts say this trend is likely to continue in the future as major manufacturers build factories in Russia, including to reduce costs.

In conclusion, it should be said that there is no tire that would be the most efficient in all conditions, and you need to make a choice based on your individual preferences.

WEIGHT OF EVALUATIONS

Braking - 10%;

Traction effort - 10%;

Manageability - 10%;

Manageability (sub.) - 10%.

Braking - 5%;

Traction effort - 5%;

Manageability - 5%;

Manageability (sub.) - 5%.

Wet asphalt - 15%:

Braking - 5%;

Manageability - 5%;