What is vsm active control system. Integrated active control system VSM - what is it. VSM System Operation

People are the most difficult link in the chain of events to deploy a new production system and modernize the old one. Resistance from workers can be easier to overcome than from middle management and top managers.

At the first all-Russian forum " Lean Manufacturing for Russia” /1/ was witnessed - almost two and a half hundred enterprises have embarked on the path of production optimization and are solving similar problems.

As the ICSI (Institute for Comprehensive Strategic Research) study “Dissemination of Lean Manufacturing Practices in Russia” shows, it is the enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, as well as the entire spectrum of mechanical engineering, led by the automobile industry, that are most prone to implementing “lean manufacturing”.

Studying production Toyota system(Toyota Production System, TPS), American analysts based on Japanese developments created their own methods, combining them into the Lean Manufacturing or Lean production system. In Russia, it became known as LIN, also known as “lean production”.

The most popular lean manufacturing tools in Russia are quality management (it was used by 69% of those who declared experience in using LIN), elements of workplace visualization (30%) and inventory management (25%). This set, firstly, is due to the existing bottlenecks in the work of enterprises. Secondly, these LIN tools are relatively easy to learn and implement: they do not require preliminary changes in production and can be implemented in a short time at individual pilot sites.

Figure 1 - Statistics on the use of LIN technologies

A Value Stream Map (VSM) is a diagram that displays each movement of the flow of information materials needed to fulfill a consumer order /1/.

VSM makes it possible to immediately see bottlenecks in a process flow and, based on its analysis, identify all unproductive costs and processes. Such maps are created at all pilot sites, and if desired, it is not difficult to understand where and what losses must be tolerated.

VSM is created in order to see the entire flow as a whole and give managers, technologists and workers the opportunity to speak the same language about the problems of different stages of the flow. When building a VSM, you can see all the losses that exist in the flow.

Since VSM reflects the state of a flow at a certain point in time, there are at least two types of maps of different states: the current state and the state of the long-term perspective (future state).

Various software tools make it possible to build a VSM in graphical form, but all analysis of losses, bottlenecks, etc. is not an automated process.

Concept of VSM on at the moment is considered only in a narrow range of specialties, mainly in CAD specialties and various areas of industrial automation. However, the use of this tool is possible in all places where the final product is available. For example, when creating software product, accounting software configurations, server OS builds, etc. A large number of distance and face-to-face training courses in VSM and related technologies are offered online. But many universities do not pay attention to this.

Understanding and describing a value stream begins with a pencil sketch of the flow of materials and information in the process of producing a product. After this, a map of the current state is obtained. This state is not ideal; bottlenecks must be looked for and marked on the map for further modernization. After this, the VSM analysis process begins, which consists of converting the current VSM map into a future state map.

Tools for VSM analysis are rarely used when studying the concept of VSM itself. For some reason, it is believed that this tool is quite effective even with manual analysis; there are enough tools for drawing VSM diagrams.

But there are several software tools that can help with the analysis. The most flexible and powerful among them is an add-in for Microsoft Visio called eVSM. It allows you not only to graphically draw up VSM maps, but also to calculate a large number of time parameters, resource utilization, takt time, draw process graphs, and numerically and graphically compare the results of certain changes in the circuit (simulate the results of changes). This program Available both in paid form (about $600) and in the form of a 30-day version and a version for students.

In addition, the program provides the opportunity to solve the transport problem (moving products between stages) using spaghetti diagrams.

Combining the VSM concept itself with tools like eVSM helps to study in more detail the problems of managing the creation of various products in many areas of industry, small and medium-sized businesses. And teaching these technologies to specialties that are associated with the management of any production processes or product creation will significantly increase understanding of the optimization of such processes.

We think that by using tools such as eVSM, it is possible to immediately instill in them the basics of “lean manufacturing” and the skills of analyzing real product creation processes when training a wide range of future specialists.

References

1 Russian Lean forum. Lean manufacturing, lean, kaizen, TPS: training, implementation, mastering experience. [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.leanforum.ru/ - 12. 01 . 2012

2 Rother M., Learn to see business processes. The practice of constructing value stream maps / Rother M., Shuk D., - M.: Alpina Business Books, 2005. - 144с - isbn 5-9614-0168-5

Every day the road may present new challenges, but you will always maintain control of the car on difficult surfaces, hills, winding roads and during unexpected maneuvers of other drivers thanks to the progressive electronic system control.

Feel completely protected in the Sorento Prime. The rigid power structure of the body is created using high-strength steels, and six airbags are included as standard equipment. Highest level safety is confirmed not only by laboratory crash tests, but also by simulations of real collisions.

360° surround function

The system makes parking and maneuvering in tight spaces easier. Thanks to four cameras, the display shows a view of the car from above, which helps the driver check the situation from his own angle in any direction while parking or making maneuvers.

※ Operating conditions: ignition on, transmission lever in D/R/N positions, speed up to 20 km/h.

ESC (Exchange Stability Control) controls the speed and direction of the vehicle.

At the same time, the system constantly compares the received parameters from the sensors ( ABS sensor, yaw, acceleration, steering) with the actions of the driver and works out the loss of vehicle traction, due to which a skid may occur.

When the system (ESC) detects a loss of control, it instantly applies individual braking force to each wheel.

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) ensures that when braking there is no loss of friction between the car's wheels and the road surface. When a driver suddenly presses the brake pedal, there is a chance that the car will spin out of control and skid down the road. The main task of the anti-lock braking system is to prevent such a situation from occurring.

Lift Assist System needed in cases where the car starts to move on an uneven road. The system ensures that the machine does not roll back on steep inclines and has a number of significant advantages. Firstly, with its help, a car on an incline is more willing to move away, which relieves the driver of the need to use parking brake. Secondly, the safety of both the driver and pedestrians is increased.

How the system works This is - when the driver stops pressing the brake pedal, the decrease in pressure in the brake system begins to gradually slow down. The hill assist system will come into action when several factors coincide: the road rise exceeds 5%, the car is started, and the driver presses the brake pedal.

KIA Sorento Prime is equipped with front and side airbags to protect the driver and front passenger, as well as two curtain airbags to protect everyone inside the cabin.

Emergency braking system I am needed so that in a dangerous situation on the road brake mechanism the car operated with maximum efficiency. According to statistics, when the emergency braking system is operating braking distance is reduced by 15-20% percent. This is sometimes enough to avoid a serious collision, accident or accident.

System BAS - based on the speed at which the driver presses the brake pedal, determines whether an emergency braking situation has arisen on the road. IN electronic unit control, data on the speed of pressing the pedal is transmitted from the speed sensor of the vacuum booster rod. In the case when the signal value goes beyond the set norm level, the rod drive electromagnet is activated. The vacuum brake booster begins to act on the brake pedal - this is how the emergency braking process starts. It begins to act before ABS system.

Emergency Belt Pretensioner (EFD)

The seat belts on the front seats of the KIA Sorento Prime are equipped with special EFD pretensioners. In an emergency, the seat belts are pre-tensioned, keeping the driver and front passenger firmly in their seats, providing additional protection in the event of a collision.

Emergency communication system ERA-GLONASS

In unexpected cases, the system will connect you with an operator to clarify whether everything is in order, or call emergency services.

LED headlights with dynamic low beam function

The headlights can additionally illuminate corners, providing better visibility at night. In addition, the rotating optics adapt to the steering angle, weight and speed of the vehicle.

In active head restraints a special movable lever is built in, which is located in the back of the chair. When the car hits an obstacle, the inertia forces the driver into the seat and his weight presses on this lever. In this case, the counteraction mechanism immediately begins to work - even before the driver’s head tilts back, the active head restraints move towards it and soften the force of the impact. After that they accept starting position. It is worth noting that for the most effective operation, the head restraints must be pre-adjusted.

Active head restraints are activated when the car encounters an obstacle at low or medium speed, and also in some cases of a rear-end collision. It is in these situations that the likelihood of injury increases due to the “whiplash” effect.

Integrated Active Management System (VSM) Helps the vehicle maintain a stable position while braking and cornering, especially on wet, slippery or uneven surfaces, by working together with the stability control system and the electric power steering. Based on the information collected by the sensors, the stability control system and the electric power steering take effect as soon as the vehicle starts to move. sliding and return it to a safe trajectory.

High Strength Steel (AHSS)

The KIA Sorento Prime uses more than 52.7% high-strength steel in its design. This unique grade of steel is used to strengthen the front, rear and sides of the vehicle, as well as in areas of the body that experience maximum stress.

Rear subframe

A rigid rear subframe ensures high road stability.

Vertical rear shock absorbers

The vertical arrangement of the rear shock absorbers helps smooth out the negative effect of driving on uneven roads and provides even greater comfort in the cabin.

Intelligent automatic parking system SPAS

This system is designed to help you with both parallel and perpendicular parking. It automatically recognizes a suitable parking space, turns the steering wheel and estimates the distance to other cars. All you have to do is step on the gas, brake, and shift your Sorento Prime.

Blind Spot Monitor (BSD)

Blind Spot Monitoring uses sensors that scan the sides and rear of the vehicle for dangerous proximity to others. vehicles in the zero visibility zone. If an object is detected, the driver will be notified by a visual signal on the side mirrors and the central display. If the driver turns on the turn signal and another vehicle is detected in the blind spot on that side, a warning sound will sound.

Over the past couple of decades, industry leaders in automotive design and manufacturing have been confronted with the serious problem of low driver readiness to operate a vehicle in high-risk environments. Many facts and police statistics show that the ability to control complex, heavy and powerful a passenger car so as not to kill himself and others, the average driver no longer has enough.

The first, focused on a comprehensive solution to the problem, was the integrated active control system VSM. In essence, there was a unification of a new computer unit with a system of sensors and control modules for anti-lock brakes and directional stability systems.

What functions are assigned to the integrated active control system VSM:

• obtaining from all available vehicle sensors the most reliable information about the current state of the vehicle;
• comparison of the objectivity of the ABS and ESP control commands with the tendencies of the driver’s actions and comparing them with the optimal possible options stored in memory;
• indirect VSM intervention in the operation of the steering wheel, engine, brake system and gearboxes.

Important! VSM differs from many intelligent assistant options in that it helps the driver act beyond information or recommendations.

How the VSM Integrated Active Management System works

The idea of ​​introducing an analogue of an autopilot, helping the driver to act, and not just inform, hovered in the minds of the developers for quite a long time, but VSM received full implementation in an integrated form as an active control system only after increasing the power of the control controllers and introducing electric power steering.

Of course, the VSM system will not rotate the steering wheel, steer or maneuver instead of the driver; it does not yet have such a capability. And if an obstacle arises on the way or traffic rules are grossly violated, the active control system will not be able to help. Although more recent developments with an integrated 360-degree radar and GPS system will be able to make the right decision while participating in active driving.

The main task, as an integrated or united structure, existing system VSM is an active intervention in the operation of the electric power steering. VSM as a control system is responsible for stabilizing the position of the machine while driving. So far, the stable position of the car is considered the main criterion for its safety.

What the driver can expect from the active control of the VSM system:

• an increase in the resistance or required effort on the steering wheel when driving at high speed. The steering wheel loses its sharpness, and thanks to this, course control becomes more balanced and smooth. Even if you want to try to jerk the steering wheel sharply, the VSM system simply will not allow you to do this, instantly increasing the “heaviness” of the steering wheel;
• steering the front wheels when there is a risk of the car skidding, skidding or a sharp decrease in the adhesion of one or two wheels to the road surface, problems with the tire or suspension;
• integrated influence on ensuring stability along the trajectory of movement.

In addition to the steering wheel, the system actively uses the capabilities of the brakes, both independently and through the anti-lock braking module. For the VSM unit to work successfully as partners, you also need an ESP module, which is responsible for directional stability, and an anti-slip circuit.

A classic example demonstrating the successful operation of VSM is passing - a snake around a series of obstacles or movement on high speed with controlled skidding in a fairly deep turn. Such tests were not chosen by chance, because they make up approximately 80% of all shunting movements by a car on the road.

Theoretically, in a skid, VSM should redistribute torque to the outer pair of wheels and slow down the inner pair to turn a couple of degrees in the direction opposite to the direction of the skid. This way, the car is guaranteed to be freed from the threat of a collision with the side of the road and will smoothly complete the turn.

If braking is deemed ineffective or even harmful, the VSM system will disable the ABS, or one or two wheels will be braked individually. When controlling the steering wheel, the driver will feel that rotation in the “forbidden” direction will be prohibitively difficult, but in the optimal direction it will be as light as possible to speed up the turn.

This is the so-called system of intuitive response to the situation. In a critical situation, the driver simply has no time to think and analyze; he has to make decisions instinctively, and often the VSM unit’s prompt comes in handy.

During a long journey, after 4-5 hours of driving, fatigue will inevitably begin to accumulate. In this case, the VSM system will significantly relieve the driver and provide greater protection, avoiding risky situations.

What's good and bad about VSM

The main postulate of using various electronic assistants in driving a car is based on an unshakable rule - the most advanced, active and integrated system should not create discomfort in driving a car. VSM is no exception to this.

Its invisibility in the car has been brought to such a state that many buyers of new cars equipped with an integrated VSM active control system do not notice it even after running the car and simply begin to doubt its presence.

One of the main problems facing automakers is increasing vehicle safety, including while driving. To achieve this, cars are equipped with various devices that help the driver cope with control in the most difficult situations. One of them is the integrated active control system VSM.

About forces and moments

The torque developed by the motor goes to the wheels, and the car begins to move. This is a very simplified way to describe the process of moving it. However, when starting to move, maneuvering and braking, a wide variety of forces act on the car, and the nature of their influence depends on the speed, road condition and driver actions.

Sometimes these actions are erroneous and incorrect, which may result in an accident. To avoid this, developers have come up with more than one electronic device that assists the driver in difficult conditions. Without touching on them all, it is enough to mention the most famous and well-known ones:

• ESP - exchange rate stability system (at different manufacturers it goes by different names - ESC, DSC, DTSC, etc. In the following text, the most common abbreviation ESP will be used);

The operation of any of these active control devices is based on constant monitoring of signals from sensors. Based on them, the controller determines the discrepancy between the actual driving mode of the car and what it should be, and it also takes the necessary measures, for example, it reduces the speed, slows down or unlocks the wheel, and changes the engine operating mode.

VSM Active Management System

Another somewhat specialized but useful integrated management system, VSM, is worth mentioning. It does not work by itself, only in combination with ESP and ABS. If ABS provides stability during braking, TCP during acceleration, ESP prevents lateral movements and stabilizes the vehicle’s position during maneuvers, then the VSM system is, as it were, integrated, combining the work of all other components and the actions of the driver.

The VSM system combines the electric steering motor, ESP and ABS. As manufacturers of cars with VSM claim, the stabilization control system counteracts erroneous driver actions, i.e. if in a critical situation they perform incorrect actions to control the car, then VSM will counteract them.

In a more understandable way, this means that if the driver turns the steering wheel in the wrong direction when performing a maneuver, this will require significant effort from him. Whereas when the steering wheel moves correctly, nothing like this happens.

Problems that VSM solves

If we try to generalize what problems such an integrated system solves, we can note the following:

1. Reducing steering effort when parking and maneuvering at low speeds;
2. increase in steering wheel torque at high speed;
3. an increase in the reactive force of the wheels when they return to the middle position;
4. adjusting the position of the front wheels when driving on a road with a slope, side winds, or differences in tire pressure;
5. increasing stability (course rate).

Thus, the VSM system is engaged in stabilizing the position of the car on the road while driving in the same way as ESP, ABS and other devices with similar purposes. The difference between them will be that VSM, via an electromechanical booster, affects the steering wheel and not the brakes. In other words, the effect on the steering wheel and brakes is combined.

This is especially true when acceleration or braking occurs on different surfaces (one wheel on ice, water or other surface, the other on asphalt). As a rule, the car begins to pull to the side as a result. To correct the situation, control signals are sent to the steering mechanism, correcting the position of the car. In principle, the situation considered is typical for the operation of such a control system. The possibility of skidding may occur again during sharp maneuvering, in which case VSM will also help keep the car from skidding.

It should be noted that such a device is not included in the standard equipment of the car.

An active control system such as VSM primarily ensures vehicle stability on course when driving on different surfaces under different wheels. In this case, not only signals for braking an individual wheel are generated, but also for steering, thanks to which the car continues to move along a given course, and it is possible to avoid skidding.

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integrated active control system vsm. The article describes the main purpose of the system, the principles of its operation and interaction with other car security services.

Automobile accidents claim millions of lives every year. The shocking figure is directly related to the number of cars in the world, which has already reached some astronomical levels. That is why engineers, when developing modern cars The safety of the driver and passengers is of paramount importance. One of the latest inventions of modern engineers today is the integrated vsm system. In fact, this is exactly what will help the driver even in the most difficult and extreme road situations with the help of active vehicle control.

However, you can understand its principle of operation only by understanding the principles of operation of the most famous security systems, which are familiar to many today.

Security systems of a modern car

During emergency braking or maneuvering, the car behaves in accordance with all the laws of physics. There are often cases when inexperienced drivers fly off the road or get into serious accidents simply because they do not know what to expect from their own car. Today there are a lot electronic devices, which, according to the ideas of their developers, should come to the aid of the driver in an emergency. Here are just the most famous of them:

• ABS – anti-locking system for wheels. Helps out during emergency braking on slippery or wet roads. The system simply will not allow the wheels to lock and skid, which, in turn, will save the car from falling into an uncontrolled skid.
• EPS – serves for directional stability (depending on the car manufacturer, it may be called differently).
• TCP – traction control system.

During their operation, all these devices process the signals received from the sensors and, based on this, react in one way or another.

For example, the security system itself can suddenly brake, change the load on the engine, or unlock a car wheel.

It would seem, what does an integrated system have to do with it? The answer is simple: the task of vsm is to combine the work of all safety systems and, if necessary, counteract the driver’s incorrect behavior and thereby solve issues of active driving.

Features of work

The active control system integrated into the car is a highly specialized unit. In practice, it is used relatively recently, and the device is found only on relatively new cars, naturally only on foreign cars - VAZ engineers have not yet invented anything like this. In fact, it only works as a set with the above security systems and coordinates their work. In addition, vsm can affect the electric steering column. As the developers say, this control system in an emergency can even block incorrect actions by the driver. In practice, it looks like this: if the driver starts turning the steering wheel in the wrong direction. At that very moment of maneuver, significant efforts will be required from him than during normal driving. The difference will be felt immediately and sharply, so that the driver's attention is guaranteed.

Main tasks

The vsm control system, according to the developers, is capable of performing at least 5 important tasks, including:

• Significantly facilitates steering column movement when parking or maneuvering at very slow speeds.
• The steering torque at high speed is significantly increased thanks to the system.
• The reactive force of the wheels increases at the moment when they return to the middle position.
• The system adjusts the position of the front wheels when driving on a slope, if there is a crosswind or if the tire pressure varies.
• Exchange rate stability is significantly improved.

Thus, it turns out that most often vsm at the time of its operation refers to electric amplifier the steering wheel and through it has a significant impact on the behavior of the car and the operation of all safety systems. That is, in fact, vsm combines the impact of car safety services on the steering wheel and brakes.

In practice, the system proves its relevance and necessity at the moment of sudden acceleration or braking. Especially in situations where one of the wheels is in unsatisfactory driving conditions in water or, for example, stands on an uneven surface, and the other, opposite, is on dry and smooth asphalt. In this situation, the car can easily begin to pull to the side and an uncontrolled skid is possible. It is at this moment that vsm intervenes, which does everything to keep the car on the road and prevent it from skidding.

In practice, the system's operation is completely invisible. Only experienced drivers will be able to see or feel it in action. Beginners will most likely ignore the actions of the invisible assistant and will only feel the difference when they change to another car.