What is a graphic editor in computer science definition. Graphic editor. Purpose and main capabilities. Graphics programs for Mac OS

2. What is a raster? What is a pixel?
3. How do you understand the words “the image is made with a resolution of 640x480”?
4. What is a graphic primitive?
5. What are the features of vector graphics?
6. What raster graphics objects do you know?
7. List the main actions on raster graphics editor objects.

3.What information is stored in raster files and vector files?
4.What is a graphic coordinate system?
5. What means (software, technical) are used to obtain raster and vector graphic information?
6. Which method of presenting graphic information is more economical in terms of memory use?
7.Why is raster files compressed?
8. How do raster and vector images react to resizing and rotation?
Get the raster code and vector description to display the letters "N", "L", "T" on a black and white screen with an 8x8 graphic grid.

2.What parts does a file name consist of?
3.Who or what names the file?
4.Who or what assigns a file extension?
5.How many characters can a file name include?
6.How many characters are usually allocated for a file extension?
7.What needs to be done with the disk so that files can be stored on it?
8.What areas is the disk divided into when formatting?
9.In what case is the file system single-level?
10.How to write down the path to a file?
11.What kind of software does the operating system belong to?
12. What information should the operating system have to organize access to files?

13.Where is the work in progress stored? at the moment program and processed data?
14.What is a catalog called?
15.When does the initial boot take place? operating system?
16.What is an operating system?
17.What is the name of a logical drive?
18.Which directory is called the root?
19.What is the state of the operating system called when it stops producing results and responding to requests?
20.What happens to OS files during the boot process?
21. The user, moving from one directory to another, sequentially visited the directories LESSONS, CLASS, SCHOOL, D:\, MYDOC, LETTERS. With each move, the user either went down to a lower level in the directory, or went up to a higher level. What's it like full name the directory from which the user started moving?

1) D:\MYDOC\LETTERS

2) D:\SCHOOL\CLASS\LESSONS

3) D:\LESSONS\CLASS\SCHOOL

22. Determine which of the specified file names does not satisfy the mask: ?*di.t?*

4) melodi.theme

23.The file Literature_List.txt is stored in a certain directory. In this directory, we created a subdirectory named 10_CLASS and moved the file List_literature.txt into it. After which the full file name became D:\SCHOOL\PHYSICS\10_CLASS\Literature_list.txt.

What is the full name of the directory where the file was stored before it was moved?
1) D:\SCHOOL\PHYSICS\10_CLASS

2) D:\SCHOOL\PHYSICS

24. Which of the files matches the mask??P*.A??.

A graphics editor is a special program designed for viewing on a computer. In addition, such software allows you to make your own drawings. For the first time, graphical representation of data on a computer was implemented in the 50s of the last century. It was at that time that graphic programs were developed for computers used in the military and scientific fields. IN present moment There are three main types of graphic editors - raster, vector and hybrid.

Basic functions of graphic editors

The main functions of graphic editors include:

• can be created in the editor either manually or using special tools (stamps, curves, etc.).
• Converting a ready-made image. Photos and pictures can be moved, rotated and scaled. Also, such programs provide the ability to work with individual parts of the image. For example, a function such as deleting a fragment of an image is usually available. Pictures can also be copied either completely or in parts, and also glued and painted.
• Entering text into a picture. In this case, you can usually use a variety of fonts - both modern and stylized “antique” ones.
• Working with external devices. If desired, the drawn or edited image can be printed on a printer without leaving the program. Of course, the file can be saved to any folder on your hard drive or external drive.

Raster editors

A raster graphics editor is a tool designed primarily for processing ready-made images. This software guarantees the most accurate reproduction of tones and halftones. Consists of many points called pixels. Raster images are characterized by maximum realism. The quality is determined by the number of pixels, as well as their ability to convey color. The more dots of different shades the image contains, the clearer it is. Raster graphics editors have one small drawback. Free scaling of images using them without loss of quality is impossible. The fact is that each picture contains a strictly fixed number of dots. Therefore, let’s say that when you enlarge the image, the dots will simply become larger. That is, the picture will lose clarity.

Most often, a raster image is saved in However, most editors also support such common formats as bmp, gif, tif, etc.

Vector graphic editors

A vector graphics editor is a program designed to create high-precision images. These could be, for example, drawings or diagrams. Such pictures are much clearer than raster ones. All elements are described mathematically. Therefore, such a picture can be enlarged without any loss of clarity. However, a vector editor cannot provide such realism of an image as a raster editor.

Vector graphics editors allow you not only to draw drawings manually, but also to convert raster images into diagrams. For this, the so-called tracing method is used. Thus, for example, an ordinary photo can be transformed into a stylish poster. The files in which vector drawings are saved are small in size compared to raster files.

Hybrid graphic editors

In a hybrid graphics editor, you can use both raster and vector tools to create an image. The main disadvantage of such programs is difficulty in using. Therefore, they have not yet received particularly wide distribution.

Raster editor Paint

So, a graphic editor - what is it? This is a very convenient software, an indispensable tool in the work of artists, photojournalists, engineers, architects, etc. Today there are both very complex editors designed for professionals and simpler ones used by ordinary people. The latter also includes Paint, a single-window raster editor available on almost every home computer. Most of The window of this program occupies the drawing area. in Paint it is located on the left. The program allows you to freely draw, scale pictures, change their color, erase unnecessary details, and also cancel all these actions in almost one click.

Adobe Photoshop Raster Editor

Like all raster graphics editors, Adobe Photoshop is designed to work primarily with digital photographs. This program was developed as a tool for professionals, but very quickly gained popularity among amateurs. Main her distinctive feature is a truly unlimited list of toolkit capabilities. Using this program, it is easy to cut out individual parts of images, create masks, change the proportions of pictures and their individual parts. If desired, you can apply a variety of effects to a photo or picture, change its color, brightness, saturation, contrast, etc.

Vector editor Corel Draw

The working tools of the Corel Draw graphic editor are, first of all, geometric shapes that can be converted into any other images, as well as curves. Using the latter, it is easy to bring a hand-drawn picture to perfection. You can paint over the resulting images using a variety of methods. If desired, it is possible to use both simple colors and various kinds of patterns and textures.

Drawings in Corel Draw are created on a worksheet located in the center of the window. The toolbar is located on the left side.

A graphic editor is a thing that can be useful in a variety of situations. It’s definitely worth learning how to use at least the simplest ones. With the help of such software, you can turn any unattractive photo into a real work of art, make a caricature or draw an interesting picture and send it to friends.

A graphics editor is a program or set of programs that are used to create or edit an image in a two-dimensional coordinate axis. The use of a graphic editor is possible on a computer.

All existing types of graphic editors are aimed at creating an image using stamps, lines, curves, dots, etc., as well as regenerating the original image. The graphic editor allows you to expand, move images, delete, copy some elements. The resulting new image can be immediately sent to print and saved.

Classification of graphic editors

There are three main types of graphic editing programs:

• raster;
• vector;
• hybrid.

Briefly about each type of program

Raster graphics editors are designed to create and process images in the form of dots or a grid of pixels (matrix) on display devices. Such programs are widely used in creating images that are sent to printing and publications on the Internet.

Using this type of editor allows you to create a drawing on a computer monitor and save it in JPEG and TIFE formats. When saving such graphics, due to the compression algorithm, the image quality decreases. When using the PNG, GIF format, which support the function of good lossless compression, the image quality does not deteriorate.

A typical example of a raster graphics editor is the program Adobe Photoshop.

Vector graphic editor makes it possible to create or edit an object consisting of geometric elements (points, lines, polygons) directly on the screen and save in vector editors (CDR, AI, EPS).

Vector graphics are the opposite of raster graphics.

Hybrid graphic editors designed for working with scanned documents. This type of graphic editor includes part of raster and vector programs. A striking example of a hybrid program can be considered AutoCAD, RasterDesk.

The possibilities that graphic editors offer are unlimited.

A graphics editor is a special program designed for drawing and editing images. That is, the program allows you to create masterpieces of painting directly on your computer, or edit and change ready-made images and photographs (the simplest example: remove the “red eye” effect from photographs).

Many graphic editors have been created: some of them are simple and free, such as the Paint editor, which is included in the set of standard programs of the Windows operating system of all versions:

others are expensive and professional. Programs such as Adobe Photoshop and CorelDRAW are very large, powerful editors with a lot of all sorts of add-ons and plug-ins. Therefore, editors of this kind are usually called packages. However, there are also simpler (but no less convenient) editors: PaintShop, PhotoFinish, The Gimp, etc.

Graphic editors are divided into two main types - raster and vector.

Raster editors(sometimes they are also called “bitmap” - from the English bitmap) they draw an image point by point, i.e. For each point of the picture a separate color is specified. Among such editors are Paint and Adobe Photoshop.

Vector editors They draw with segments, lines, curves, and complex drawings are presented as a collection of such segments. This is how CorelDRAW and Adobe Illustrator work.

The average computer user, of course, will find it more convenient to draw in raster editors (it’s difficult to draw a lake with ducks using only straight lines and curves!). However, vector editors also have their advantages. Vector drawing programs allow you to perform very complex transformations of the shape of a drawing, compression or stretching, and any size changes. In such editors it is much easier to combine images with inscriptions, which allows you to use them to create emblems, signs, symbols, etc.
However, modern editors are becoming a mixed type.
There are also graphics packages that allow you to work with scanned images and interact directly with the scanner. Typically, such programs are provided with the scanner. They allow you to select different scanning parameters. Typically, such a program first makes a rough scan of the original and displays it on the screen. Since image files are quite large (especially color ones with high resolution and a large number of colors), and the entire image is not always needed, the program will give you the opportunity to select an area by highlighting it with a frame.
A special place is occupied by graphics packages that allow you to create animated images. Such programs are used to design Internet pages (which looks very impressive). Among such programs are AutoDesk Animator, Macromedia Flash, Ulead GifAnimator, Corel R.A.V.E.

Three-dimensional modeling programs can also be classified as graphics packages. With their help you can make incredibly realistic images. Their only drawback is that such editors are difficult to learn. To learn how to work in a graphics package quickly and professionally, immediately selecting the necessary tools and mastering most of the huge number of capabilities included in such a program, you will need from 3 to 5 years of regular work. Among such graphics packages are Autodesk 3dsmax, Blender3D, VUE xStream.

These programs allow you to create full-fledged three-dimensional computer graphics, cartoons, make models for games, and create special effects for films.

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To process images on a computer, special programs are used - graphic editors. Graphic editor is a program for creating, editing and viewing graphic images. Graphic editors can be divided into two categories: raster and vector.

Raster graphic editors. Raster graphics editors are the best means of processing photographs and drawings, since raster images provide high accuracy in conveying gradations of colors and halftones. Raster graphics editors range from simple ones, such as the standard Paint application, to powerful professional graphics systems, such as Adobe Photoshop.

A raster image is stored using dots of different colors (pixels) that form rows and columns. Any pixel has a fixed position and color. Storing each pixel requires a certain number of bits of information, which depends on the number of colors in the image.

The quality of a raster image is determined by the size of the image (the number of horizontal and vertical pixels) and the number of colors that the pixels can accept.

Raster images are very sensitive to scaling (enlargement or reduction). When a raster image is scaled down, several adjacent dots are reduced to a single dot, so the fine details of the image are no longer legible. When the image is enlarged, the size of each dot increases and a step effect appears, which is visible to the naked eye.

Vector graphic editors. Vector graphics are the optimal means for storing high-precision graphic objects (drawings, diagrams, etc.). for which the presence of clear and clear contours is important. You come across vector graphics when you work with computer-aided drawing and computer-aided design systems, and with three-dimensional graphics processing programs.

Vector graphics editors include a graphics editor built into the Word text editor. Among professional vector graphics systems, the most common are CorelDRAW and Adobe Illustrator.

Vector images are formed from objects (point, line, circle, etc.), which are stored in computer memory in the form of graphic primitives and mathematical formulas describing them.

For example, a graphic primitive, a point is specified by its coordinates (X, Y), a line - by the coordinates of the beginning (XI, Y1) and end (X2, Y2), a circle - by the coordinates of the center (X, Y) and radius (K), a rectangle - by the size of the sides and the coordinates of the upper left corner (Xl, Y1) and the lower right corner (X2, Y2), etc. A color is also assigned to each primitive.

The advantage of vector graphics is that files storing vector graphic images are relatively small in size. It is also important that vector graphics can be enlarged or reduced without loss of quality.

Graphic editor toolbars. Graphic editors have a set of tools for creating or drawing the simplest graphic objects: straight line, curve, rectangle, ellipse, polygon, etc. After selecting an object in the toolbar, it can be drawn anywhere in the editor window.

Highlighting tools. In graphic editors, various operations are possible on image elements: copying, moving, deleting, rotating, resizing, etc. To perform any operation on an object, it must first be selected.

To select objects in a raster graphics editor, there are usually two tools: selecting a rectangular area and selecting an arbitrary area. The selection procedure is similar to the drawing procedure.

Object selection in the vector editor is carried out using the object selection tool (depicted by an arrow on the toolbar). To select an object, just select the selection tool and click on any object in the picture.

Picture Editing Tools allow you to make changes to the drawing: erase parts of it, change colors, etc. To erase an image in raster graphics editors, use the Eraser tool, which removes image fragments (pixels), while the size of the Eraser can be changed.

In vector editors, image editing is only possible by removing the entire objects included in the image. To do this, you first need to select the object and then perform the Cut operation.

The operation of changing colors can be carried out using the Palette menu, which contains a set of colors used when creating or drawing objects.

Text tools let you add text to your drawing and format it.

In raster editors, the Inscription tool (letter A on the toolbar) creates text areas in pictures. By placing the cursor anywhere in the text area, you can enter text. Text formatting is done using the Text Attributes panel.

In vector editors you can also create text areas for entering and formatting text. In addition, captions for drawings are entered using so-called callouts of various shapes.

Scaling tools in raster graphics editors make it possible to increase or decrease the scale of an object’s representation on the screen without affecting its actual sizes. This tool is usually called a Loupe. In vector graphics editors, it is easy to change the actual dimensions of an object using the mouse.

Graphic file formats

Graphic file formats determine how information is stored in the file (raster or vector), as well as the form of information storage (compression algorithm used).

Compression is used for raster graphics files, since they are usually quite large. Compressing graphic files differs from archiving them using archiving programs. in that the compression algorithm is included in the graphics file format.

Some graphic file formats are universal, as they can be processed by most graphic editors. Some image processing programs use original formats that are recognized only by the creating program itself.

Let's look at some graphic file formats:

BMP is a universal raster graphics format for Windows.

GIF is a raster graphics file format for various operating systems. Used to post graphic images on the Internet.

JPEG is a raster graphics file format that uses an efficient compression algorithm (lossy). Used to post graphic images on the Internet.

WMF is a universal vector graphics file format for Windows applications.

CDR is an original vector graphics file format used in the CorelDraw image processing system.