What does extra load on tires mean. Tire marking. The disk may also contain

For example, your label 185/65 R15 88T XL 165 - tire width, mm. 65 - profile or ratio of profile height to width - here 65%. More number - higher tire.
If this indicator is not indicated, then your tire is full profile, somewhere around 80-82%. R- a tire with a radial cord (now everyone does this, so this letter was once perceived as Radius). 15 is the disc diameter in inches. That is, the disks must be taken on this wheel with the same indicator. 88 - load index. More number, more load will withstand. T- speed index. The closer the letter is to the end of the alphabet, the more speed the tire can handle.

Load index table

Speed ​​index table

Additional designations on tires

Tire manufacturing date

North American tire label

• P(Passanger) - for cars.
• LT(Light Truck) - for light trucks.
• T(Truck) - for trucks.

• 31 - overall diameter in inches
• 10.50 – profile width in inches
• R– R – radial, D – diagonal.
• 15 is the diameter of the rim in inches.
• LT– code of the target vehicle type (in this case, for light trucks).
• C– load range code.
• 109 – load index.
• Q– speed index.

Disc markings

• J- encoded information about design features side flanges of the rim (angles of inclination, radii of curvature, etc.).
• H2- H (Hump) means the presence of annular protrusions (hump) on the shelves of the rim, which hold tubeless tire from jumping off the disc.
  • N - simple hump,
  • H2 - double,
  • FH - (Flat Hump) flat,
  • AH (Asymmetric Hump) - asymmetric,
  • CH (Combi Hump) - combined,
  • Sometimes without hump.

The disk may also contain

Almost every spare part of your machine has its own marking (from the manufacturer). Car tires are no exception. If you look closely at the side of the tires, you can see many entries that describe their characteristics and the values ​​\u200b\u200bof which must be considered when choosing rubber. The most common markings are an indication of the size, speed index and tire load. However, in this article we will talk about no less significant designations, which are also indicated on tires.

M+S (M&S)

Among motorists, the meaning of the inscription M + S (M&S) causes the most controversy. Literally translated, Mud & Snow is mud and snow. However, this does not mean that all tires with such markings are winter tires and are intended for use on snowy roads. M+S is the tire manufacturer's own classification. At the same time, such marking can be present both on summer and on all season tires. But the evidence that the tires are really winter is the graphic symbol in the form of a snowflake against the backdrop of a mountain.

C (Commercial)

Car tires with this marking are intended for operation on light trucks. On some tires, instead of the “C” symbol, the inscription “LT” is found, which means: “Light Truck” (often indicated directly in the size). Tires with this marking have their advantages. Among them: increased load-carrying characteristics and a universal tread type. If the passenger car is constantly loaded or operated in difficult conditions, tires marked RF (Reinforced), XL (Extra Load) are provided. Such tires are distinguished by a reinforced frame.

ALL SEASON

The inscription ALL SEASON says that the tires can be used all year round, regardless of the season. However, there are certain exceptions here. The fact is that there are no tires that could retain their own properties at temperatures from -20°C to +30°C. Therefore, the so-called all-season tires are, first of all, rubber with an offset temperature regime its operation. The performance characteristics of such tires remain unchanged in the range -10°C - +20°C. If the temperature reaches -10°C, the tires lose their elasticity, and when it rises to +20°C, the rubber becomes soft and wears out much faster.

ROTATION, OUTSIDE/ INSIDE(inscriptions for mounting tires)

Tires with directional and asymmetric tread patterns have additional marking, which is designed to help car owners install tires correctly. Among these inscriptions:

• ROTATION- marking with an arrow indicating the direction of rotation of the tire along with the tread pattern;
• OUTSIDE or Side Facing Out- an inscription that speaks about the outside of the installation. When installing a tire, it must be on the outside of the wheel;
• INSIDE or Side Facing Inwards– points to the inside of the unit.

Do not forget that installing tires requires high qualifications and professional knowledge from tire fitting specialists. Our shop site provides you with a list of certified tire fittings.

About other inscriptions:

In order to increase safety, many manufacturers install special wheels on cars that can continue to move even after punctures or damaged tires. In this case, a variety of technologies are used, and the appropriate marking is applied to the tires. At

Goodyear is RunOnFlat. EMT.

Continental - SSR.

Dunlop-DSST.

Michelin - ZP, ZP SR, RFT, PAX.

Nokian RunFlat.

Yokohama-ZPS.

An important designation on tires is an abbreviation TWI or Tread Wear Indication(translated as "tread wear indicator"). This marking indicates the location of the indicators, which are small protrusions at the bottom of the tread grooves.

If you want to be sure of the quality of the purchased tires, you should also pay attention to the designation DOT / E. DOT.

DOT / E. DOT (U.S. Department of Transportation)- an inscription corresponding to an alphabetic or alphanumeric code assigned by the US Department of Transportation. It certifies that the rubber has been tested and tested and is certified to meet the requirements of the federal safety standard. The E mark indicates the approval of the type of tire according to the established Regulation No. 30 of the UNECE. Uniform prescriptions include a number in a circle, indicating the country code, and a figure outside the circle, which indicates the approval number.

many important technical information you can find it on the sidewalls of tires, but it's not always easy to figure it out. So, the following symbols can be present here:

• TREADWEAR (wear coefficient);
• MAX PRESSURE (maximum internal pressure);
• TEMPERATURE (temperature coefficient);
• SIDEWALL (composition, number of tire sidewall layers);
• PR (frame strength);
• TREAD (composition and number of tread cord plies), etc.

New European tire label.

After recent research, experts from leading European countries have come to the conclusion that most buyers prefer to use letter markings when choosing tires for their cars. That is why tires produced since July 2012 contain designations (in the form of Latin letters) of such indicators as wet grip, acoustic comfort, rolling resistance. Let's take a closer look at this marking.

1. Wet grip.

As you know, the effectiveness of tire adhesion depends directly on the car itself and its operating conditions. The braking distance of cars with class A tires is reduced by up to 30% (unlike class F "brothers"). While braking distances of a "normal" car moving at a speed of 80 km/h is reduced by 18 meters.

2. Acoustic comfort.

The black bar on the pictograms corresponds to the level of noise produced by the wheel while driving. Pictograms with three black stripes indicate that the tire produces quite a lot of noise, but it does not exceed the European limit value.

3. Rolling resistance.

Fuel consumption, as well as clutch, directly depends on the model of the vehicle and its operating conditions. So, fully equipped cars with class A tires save up to 7.5% of fuel, in contrast to cars with class G tires.

An example of markings on American-made tires:

Euro-metric - use of the European marking system (described above);

P-metric - differs from the European system in that the destination index must be indicated before the profile width;

P - tires for passenger cars (Passenger). For example: P185/65R14;

LT - tires for light trucks (LightTruck). For example: LT215/70R15.

Inch marking. For example: 31x10.5R15LT (used on 4x4 tires):

31 - the value of the outer diameter;

10.5 - profile width value;

R - radial tire;

15 - the size of the landing diameter;

LT is a tire for light trucks.

Alpha-metric marking was used until the mid-70s. For example: FR60-15.

F - load capacity index (680 kg at a pressure of 0.22 MPa);

R - radial tire;

60 - the ratio between the height of the tire profile and its width (in%);

15 - the size of the landing diameter.

Other common designations:

AD - tire with aluminum spikes;

Aqua - tires adapted for driving in rainy weather;

ALL STEEL - tires with a carcass and a steel cord breaker;

AT, A/T ( All Terrain) - tires for SUVs, adapted for driving on any terrain;

BLK - standard black sidewall;

C (Commercial) - ply rate for minibuses and light trucks;

DOT - the tire meets the standards generally accepted in the USA;

DA (stamp) - the tire has minor factory defects that do not affect its operation;

DD - bar with spikes with a rectangular core with a diamond edge;

E17 - the tire meets the standards generally accepted in the EU countries;

FR (Flangerib) - tire with reinforced sidewall, which reduces the likelihood of damage;

HP, H/P (HighPerformance) - premium tires;

HT, H / T (HighwayTerrain) - tires for SUVs, for driving on roads and highways;

INSIDE (Side Fasing Inwards) - the tire is installed from the inside;

J - tires designed for Jaguar cars;

LEFT - tires are installed on the left side of the car;

LT (Light Truck) - tires for light trucks;

MADE IN… – tire manufacturer country;

Maximum Load, MAXLOAD - maximum load value (measured in pounds - LBS, 1 LBS = 0.4536 kg);

Maximum Pressure, MAXPRESSURE - the value of the internal pressure in the tire (measured in pounds per square inch - PSI, 1PSI = 0.0069 MPa);

MD - tires with plastic spikes with a hard alloy core;

M + S, M & S (English "mud and snow" - "mud and snow") - tires for driving in winter;

MFS (Maximum Flange Sheild) - tires with a system of protection against damage in contact with curbs and sidewalks;

M3 - tires for BMW cars M3;

MO - tires for Mercedes-Benz cars;

ML - tires for Mercedes-Benz or Audi cars with disc rim protection system;

MT, M/T (Mud Terrain) - tires for off-road driving (tires for SUVs);

N0, N1, N2 - tires for Porsche cars;

OD - tires with spikes with an oval-shaped core;

OUTSIDE (Side Fasing Out) - the bus is installed from the outside;

OWL - white tires with black markings on the sidewall (contour);

PR (Ply Rating) - tire ply rating, which characterizes the strength of the carcass;

4PR and 6PR - established norm tire ply rating for passenger cars;

PLIES: TREAD - composition of the tire tread layer;

RADIAL - radial tire;

Rain (English "rain") - tires for driving in difficult weather conditions;

REGROOVABLE - tires that provide the ability to deepen the tread by cutting;

RIGHT - the tire is installed on the right side of the car;

RF, Reinf. (reinforced) - reinforced tires;

ROF (RunonFlat) - self-supporting tires Goodyear family, allowing the car to continue moving in the event of a puncture and loss of pressure;

ROTATION - the direction in which the tire rotates. On high-speed tires, special arrows can be provided - rotation indicators;

RWL - inscription on the sidewall in white;

SD - tires with studded carbide core;

SIDEWALL - tire sidewall layer composition;

SSR - tires with emergency protection system in case of pressure loss;

SST (Self-supporting tires) - "self-supporting tires" that allow the car to continue moving in the event of a loss of pressure in them;

STEEL - tires with a steel cord breaker;

TEMPERATURE A - a value that determines the ability of the tire to withstand temperature effects;

TL (Tubless) - tubeless tires;

TREADWEAR 380 - tire wear index. Calculated in relation to the "base tire" with a factor of 100;

TRACTION A - grip index. There are values ​​A, B and C. Tires with index A have the highest grip value;

Tube Tire, TT, Mit SCHLAUCH - tires are installed with the camera;

TWI - placement of marks of the residual tread height (for Belarus - not lower than 1.6 mm);

Water (English "water") - tires for driving in specific conditions;

Winter (English "winter") - tires for driving in specific conditions;

WSW - white stripe (sidewall);

XL (extraload) - a tire that carries an additional load;

ZP (ZeroPressure) - Michelin self-supporting tires that allow the car to continue moving in the event of a puncture and loss of pressure;

* - tires for use on BMW cars (can also be used on cars of other brands);

AD - tires with spikes;

BLK - tires with black signs on the sidewall;

BSL - tires with black gear marks;

BSW - tires with a black sidewall (in the tire brand designation);

BW - tire with black sidewall;

C*S - tires that can withstand up to 50 punctures;

DSST is short for Dunlop Self-Supporting Technology (see ROF);

EMT - technology for the manufacture of non-puncture tires of the Goodyear family (see ROF);

G1 - it is obligatory to use identical tires on the same axle;

Left - tires are installed on the left side of the car;

LT - car tires for light trucks;

M + S (marking M&S or M-S can also be found) - this designation indicates the possibility of all-season operation of tires. In addition, applied to Winter tires. On summer tires not applied. Tires with a similar designation have a special percentage of tread and voids. However, this marking does not mean that the tires have been tested in harsh conditions;

MFS is a special system that provides maximum protection for wheels from damage when they come into contact with the pavement or curbs. A rubber profile forming a buffer zone is provided around the circumference of the tire. It is located above the rim flange, on the bottom of the wall;

OBL - highlighted black marks are applied to the sidewall of the tire;

ORBL - highlighted raised black signs are applied to the sidewall of the tire;

ORWL - highlighted raised white signs are applied to the sidewall of the tire;

OWL - white contour marks are applied to the sidewall of the tire;

RBL - black embossed marks on the sidewall of the tire;

RF / XL - reinforced tires for installation on heavy vehicles;

Right - tires for installation on the right side of the car;

ROF (Run On Flat, Run Flat) - tires labeled as EMT. Run Flat - a special technology that allows the car to continue moving in the event of a flat or a tire puncture. The car drives even with a complete loss of tire pressure and is able to travel from 80 km or more at speeds up to 80 km/h. Tires - reinforced, with several layers of high-quality rubber with a heat-resistant cord in the side parts. When punctured, these layers resist crushing and folding of the sidewalls;

ROWL - white contour embossed signs are applied to the sidewall of the tire;

RRBL - relief recessed black marks are applied to the sidewall of the tire;

RWL - white embossed marks on the sidewall of the tire;

SBL - black jagged marks on the sidewall of the tire;

VSB - a serrated vertical strip is applied to the sidewall of the tire;

WS - a white stripe is applied to the sidewall of the tire;

WSW - a white stripe is applied to the sidewall of the tire;

WW - white wall;

E - tires with optimized rolling resistance in accordance with the original equipment.

Without good and high-quality shoes, a person will not go much if it is a cold season outside. And in the summer it is uncomfortable to move barefoot on the asphalt hot by the sun. It is the same with a car - without well-chosen tires, it will not go far.

However, choosing them correctly is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. From the abundance of tires presented in the store, you need to clearly define the category, size, be able to decipher load index and tire speed index, adhesion and wear indicators. I am glad that it is not necessary to be a specialist, because the tire marking, the decoding of which is available even to a novice motorist, contains all the necessary information.

Of course, first you need to choose the “shoes” for the car in size - the tire size is one of the most visible marking details:

To decipher, let's take the last example from the photo: 175/70 R13 82T:

• 175 - an indicator of the width of the tire in millimeters, that is, the width of this tire is 175 mm.
• 70 - its proportionality (also called a similar value profile), that is, the height of the profile in relation to the width in this case is 70%. The larger the aspect ratio, the taller the tire, regardless of its width.
• R is the radial cord of the tire. This is a design feature of the tire, when the rubberized threads on the carcass cord run parallel to each other, without overlapping. Now the radial type is predominantly produced, but sometimes you can also find a diagonal cord (D), when the rubberized threads on the frame are located at an angle to the radius of the wheel. Or diagonally belted type (B).
• 13 - the value is indicated in inches and indicates the diameter of the wheel.
• T - the letter designation of the speed at which you can drive without problems with this tire. It is easy to calculate a similar tire speed index by looking at the table below. In this case, we see the speed index T, which means that the maximum permissible speed is 190 km / h. This is a common type, as is the q speed index (up to 160 km / h).
• 82 - this figure indicates the maximum allowable load on the wheel. In this case, this tire index means that the maximum permissible load is 475 kg. A little lower in you will see a table where all the values ​​\u200b\u200bof the tire load index will be indicated.

Tire speed index

Load index (carrying capacity) of tires

seasonality

Also, tire marking necessarily includes a mandatory indication of seasonality:

Studding

For those who prefer studded tires in the cold season, it is important to know the following:

Additional designations

In addition, there are a lot of additional designations that are not always indicated:

Many people know what the size index means, which is always printed on tires. The inscription may look like this: 195/65 R15. This means that the tire cord is radial (letter R) and that the size corresponds to the following parameters: width - 195 mm, profile height - 127. We calculated the height by multiplying 195 by 65%. By the way, the number "15" is the diameter of the rim, indicated in inches. Following the inscription with the standard size is another index. Let's take a closer look at what it might mean.

For example, take the standard car tire. Let's see what inscriptions are on its "outer" sidewall:

Tire size 195/65 R15

1. The number "91" is the symbol for the maximum load. The value can range from 0 to 130;
2. One Latin letter - tire speed index. Any letters are used here except for I, O, X.

It remains to translate the numbers and letters into kilograms and kilometers per hour.

According to Lifan:

Deciphering the maximum load index

The bearing capacity index, or the designation of the maximum load, is deciphered throughout the world as follows:

Load capacity of tires

The load in kilograms that one tire can withstand is indicated. Compare the found number and the mass of the car, dividing the latter by 4.

For each car, truck or car, a "maximum permitted weight" is defined. This value is specified in the documentation. And by dividing it by the number of tires (usually 4), you get the load capacity of the tire.

By labeling tires, the manufacturer usually "underestimates" their load capacity. What is done on purpose. Simply, a value is indicated that can even be slightly exceeded without losing driving comfort. To truck tires what has been said does not apply.

Incorrectly selected tires can.

Deciphering the speed index

What does the speed index on tires mean? You can convert letters to numbers using the table. The question is what do these numbers mean.

Tire speed indicators

It is clear that the manufacturer specifies top speed, which cannot be exceeded, even driving a car on asphalt. Breaking the rule, prepare for the fact that the tires will collapse. It turns out that the speed index is more related to durability, and not to driving safety. But the latter must not be forgotten either.

In practice, the following designations can be used: VR - more than 210, ZR - more than 240 km / h.

XL letters and decoding

Any tire manufacturer can use the XL designation:

Tire with index XL

These letters are deciphered as follows - Extra Load.

The inscription XL means the following: the sidewalls of the tires are reinforced. Perhaps an additional layer of cord has been applied, etc.

What does the index XL mean, which is applied to car tires, we dismantled. A complete synonym for these letters will be the word Reinforced.

Tires with either of the two markings, XL or Reinforced, can withstand more pressure than any standard tire. The pressure that must not be exceeded is indicated on the sidewall after the letters MAX PRESSURE.

We hope the information is helpful.

All designations with decoding on video

The desire to know what XL means in tire markings is expressed by many motorists who prefer to have more information about the tires they use. After all, an outdated study of what marking means can significantly affect the operation of the machine. Moreover, the information located on the surface of the cord can mean:

• the speed to which the rubber is adapted;

• winter or summer index has a wheel.

The wheel and its sidewall is an important source of information for owners Vehicle. For example, if the manufacturer indicated XL tires on board, which means Extra Load, you can install it with confidence on vehicles that operate under heavy loads. Such a marker is an important indicator that determines the performance of tires.

How to decipher what XL means in tire markings?

Having decided on what XL stands for in tire markings, you can easily deal with the problem of buying them. Since this type of tires belongs to the category of reinforced ones, they are equipped with:

• reinforced sidewall type with double fiber polyester;

• increased rigidity - this should be taken into account when choosing the speed and style of movement;

• double layer of metal cord.

The use of tires of this type implies the ability to overcome large loads. For example, their installation is recommended for cars that reach speeds of more than 270 km / h and can easily cope with intense friction on the road surface. For off-road driving, such options are also very well suited and withstand moving even over very pronounced bumps, potholes and pits. The only negative that can be noted is the high vibration output.

Light-duty vehicles are also very active in exploiting this type of tire, providing opportunities for intensive transportation of heavy loads. If the expected axle load is higher than normal, you should think about purchasing reinforced tires for permanent use.